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CVE-2025-4598· NVD / CVE Program· CNA redhat

Systemd-coredump: race condition that allows a local attacker to crash a suid program and gain read access to the resulting core dump

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 18/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1.2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 68.6% of all records.
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: github.com/systemd/systemd systemd-coredump 252.37, 253.32, 254.25; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 CBL-Mariner Releases; azl3 systemd 255-23 on Azure Linux 3.0 255-24.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to github.com/systemd/systemd systemd-coredump 252.37, 253.32, 254.25; azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 CBL-Mariner Releases; azl3 systemd 255-23 on Azure Linux 3.0 255-24 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A vulnerability was found in systemd-coredump. This flaw allows an attacker to force a SUID process to crash and replace it with a non-SUID binary to access the original's privileged process coredump, allowing the attacker to read sensitive data, such as /etc/shadow content, loaded by the original process. A SUID binary or process has a special type of permission, which allows the process to run with the file owner's permissions, regardless of the user executing the binary. This allows the process to access more restricted data than unprivileged users or processes would be able to. An attacker can leverage this flaw by forcing a SUID process to crash and force the Linux kernel to recycle the process PID before systemd-coredump can analyze the /proc/pid/auxv file. If the attacker wins the race condition, they gain access to the original's SUID process coredump file. They can read sensitive content loaded into memory by the original binary, affecting data confidentiality.

MediumCVSS 4.7 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
May 30, 2025
Updated
Oct 15, 2026
EPSS
1.2% · 68th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

18

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
18 / 40 · 4.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 1.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · redhat
4.7
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-4598

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
systemd projectsystemd
redhatopenshift container platform
redhatenterprise linux
debiandebian linux
oraclelinux
linuxlinux kernel

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • debian debian linux12.0
  • linux linux kernelbefore 6.16
  • oracle linux8
  • oracle linux9
  • redhat enterprise linux10.0
  • redhat enterprise linux7.0
  • redhat enterprise linux8.0
  • redhat enterprise linux9.0
  • redhat openshift container platform4.0
  • systemd project systemd256 and later · before 256.14
  • systemd project systemd255 and later · before 255.19
  • systemd project systemd254 and later · before 254.25
  • systemd project systemdbefore 252.37
  • systemd project systemd253 and later · before 253.32
  • systemd project systemd257 and later · before 257.6

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (redhat). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • github.com/systemd/systemd systemd-coredump

    • before 252.37affected · semver
    • 253.0 and later · before 253.32affected · semver
    • 254.0 and later · before 254.25affected · semver
    • 255.0 and later · before 255.19affected · semver
    • 256.0 and later · before 256.14affected · semver
    • 257.0 and later · before 257.6affected · semver
  • Red Hat Red Hat Ceph Storage 7

    • 7 and laternot affected · rpm
  • Red Hat Red Hat Ceph Storage 8

    • 8 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1769512383 and laternot affected · rpm
  • Red Hat Red Hat Discovery 2

    • 1767888970 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 1767904573 and laternot affected · rpm
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10

    • 0:257-23.el10 and laternot affected · rpm
    • all versionsunknown
    • all versionsunknown
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

    • all versionsunknown
    • all versionsaffected
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8

    • all versionsaffected
  • Red Hat Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

    • 0:252-55.el9_7.7 and laternot affected · rpm
    • 0:252-55.el9_7.7 and laternot affected · rpm
    • all versionsunknown
  • Red Hat Red Hat Insights proxy 1.5

    • 1.5.9-1765201856 and laternot affected · rpm
  • Red Hat Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4

    • all versionsunknown
    • all versionsaffected
    • all versionsunknown

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:9rhel-net-naming-sysattrsbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemdbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-boot-unsignedbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-containerbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-develbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-journal-remotebefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-libsbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-oomdbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-pambefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-resolvedbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-rpm-macrosbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-udevbefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9systemd-ukifybefore 252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1
Debian:11systemdbefore 247.3-7+deb11u7247.3-7+deb11u7
Debian:12systemdbefore 252.38-1~deb12u1252.38-1~deb12u1
Debian:13systemdbefore 257.6-1257.6-1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedsystemdbefore 257.7-1.1257.7-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2systemdbefore 0:257-23.el100:257-23.el10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2systemd-boot-unsignedbefore 0:257-23.el100:257-23.el10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2systemd-containerbefore 0:257-23.el100:257-23.el10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2systemd-container-debuginfobefore 0:257-23.el100:257-23.el10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2systemd-debuginfobefore 0:257-23.el100:257-23.el10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2systemd-debugsourcebefore 0:257-23.el100:257-23.el10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2systemd-develbefore 0:257-23.el100:257-23.el10

+51

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2017-9445In systemd through 233, certain sizes passed to dns_packet_new in systemd-resolved can cause it to allocate a buffer that's too small.
    46Plan
  • CVE-2018-21029systemd 239 through 245 accepts any certificate signed by a trusted certificate authority for DNS Over TLS.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2015-7510Stack-based buffer overflow in the getpwnam and getgrnam functions of the NSS module nss-mymachines in systemd.
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-31439Jun 13, 2023 · An issue was discovered in systemd 253.
    21Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-7008Dec 23, 2023 · Systemd-resolved: unsigned name response in signed zone is not refused when dnssec=yes
    23Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-29111Mar 23, 2026 · systemd: Local unprivileged user can trigger an assert
    22Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
github.com/systemd/systemd systemd-coredump252.37Vendor (CNA)
github.com/systemd/systemd systemd-coredump253.32Vendor (CNA)
github.com/systemd/systemd systemd-coredump254.25Vendor (CNA)
github.com/systemd/systemd systemd-coredump255.19Vendor (CNA)
github.com/systemd/systemd systemd-coredump256.14Vendor (CNA)
github.com/systemd/systemd systemd-coredump257.6Vendor (CNA)
azl3 kernel 6.6.96.2-1 on Azure Linux 3.0CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 systemd 255-23 on Azure Linux 3.0255-24 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 systemd 255-24 on Azure Linux 3.0255-24 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 kernel 5.15.186.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 systemd 250.3-22 on CBL Mariner 2.0250.3-23 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 systemd 250.3-23 on CBL Mariner 2.0250.3-23 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:rhel-net-naming-sysattrs252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-boot-unsigned252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-container252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-devel252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-journal-remote252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-libs252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-oomd252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-pam252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-resolved252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-rpm-macros252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:systemd-udev252-55.el9_7.7.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:systemd252.38-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:systemd254.25-150600.4.40.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:systemd-boot-unsigned0:252-55.el9_7.7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:systemd-boot-unsigned-debuginfo0:252-55.el9_7.7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:systemd-container-debuginfo0:252-55.el9_7.7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:systemd-debuginfo0:252-55.el9_7.7 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)

+11

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days+1% in 7 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

All records