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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CVE-2025-45931: An issue D-Link DIR-816-A2 DIR-816A2_FWv1.10CNB05_R1B011D88210 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via system() function in t

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 39/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 63.7% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

An issue D-Link DIR-816-A2 DIR-816A2_FWv1.10CNB05_R1B011D88210 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via system() function in the bin/goahead file

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Jun 30, 2025
Updated
Jul 5, 2026
EPSS
1.0% · 63th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

39

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 1.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-45931

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
dlinkdir-816 firmware
dlinkdir-816

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • dlink dir-816 firmware1.10cnb05_r1b011d88210

Same product

dlink: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2022-37130In D-Link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04, DIR-878 DIR_878_FW1.30B08.img a command injection vulnerability occurs in /goform/Diagnosis, after the cond
    47Plan
  • CVE-2022-37128In D-Link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04.img the network can be initialized without authentication via /goform/wizard_end.
    46Plan
  • CVE-2022-37134D-link DIR-816 A2_v1.10CNB04.img is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow via /goform/form2Wan.cgi.
    46Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-5624Jun 4, 2025 · D-Link DIR-816 QoSPortSetup stack-based overflow
    38Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-5630Jun 4, 2025 · D-Link DIR-816 form2lansetup.cgi stack-based overflow
    38Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-61577Oct 9, 2025 · D-Link DIR-816A2_FWv1.10CNB05 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the statuscheckpppoeuser parameter in the dir_setWanWifi functi
    32Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2023-24331495 days apartCommand Injection vulnerability in D-Link Dir 816 with firmware version DIR-816_A2_v1.10CNB04 allows attackers to run arbitrary commands via
    40Plan
  • CVE-2024-24321508 days apartAn issue in Dlink DIR-816A2 v.1.10CNB05 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the wizardstep4_ssid_2 parameter in the sub_4
    40Plan
  • CVE-2025-562026 days apartD-Link DIR-816 setipsec_config os command injection
    29Monitor
  • CVE-2025-562126 days apartD-Link DIR-816 qosClassifier os command injection
    29Monitor
  • CVE-2025-2974369 days apartD-Link DIR-816 A2V1.1.0B05 was found to contain a command injection in /goform/delRouting.
    26Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-77 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records