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CVE-2025-4232· NVD / CVE Program· CNA palo_alto

GlobalProtect: Authenticated Code Injection Through Wildcard on macOS

An improper neutralization of wildcards vulnerability in the log collection feature of Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app on macOS allows a non administrative user to escalate their privileges to root.

HighCVSS 8.5 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jun 12, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 36th percentile
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Action score

34

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
34 / 40 · 8.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · palo_alto
8.5
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
paloaltonetworksglobalprotect

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Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • paloaltonetworks globalprotect6.0.0 and later · before 6.2.8
  • paloaltonetworks globalprotect6.3.0 and later · before 6.3.3

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (palo_alto). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect App

    • Allnot affected
    • 6.1.0, 6.0.0affected
    • 6.3 and later · before 6.3.3affectedfixed in 6.3.3
    • 6.2.0 and later · before 6.2.8-h2affectedfixed in 6.2.8-h2

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2021-3057GlobalProtect App: Buffer Overflow Vulnerability When Connecting to Portal or Gateway
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2023-0009GlobalProtect App: Local Privilege Escalation (PE) Vulnerability
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2022-0017GlobalProtect App: Improper Link Resolution Vulnerability Leads to Local Privilege Escalation
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2022-0016GlobalProtect App: Privilege Escalation Vulnerability When Using Connect Before Logon
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2020-1989Global Protect Agent: Incorrect privilege assignment allows local privilege escalation
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2025-0120GlobalProtect App: Local Privilege Escalation (PE) Vulnerability
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect App6.2.8-h2Vendor (CNA)
Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect App6.3.3Vendor (CNA)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
X

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

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Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

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