Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 138, Thunderbird 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, and Thunderbird 128.10
Memory safety bugs present in Firefox 137, Thunderbird 137, Firefox ESR 128.9, and Thunderbird 128.9. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10.
- BDU:2025-10507
- ALSA-2025:4443
- ALSA-2025:4458
- ALSA-2025:4460
- ALSA-2025:4797
- ALSA-2025:7428
- ALSA-2025:7506
- ALSA-2025:7507
- DLA-4167-1
- DLA-4172-1
- DSA-5910-1
- DSA-5912-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15042-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15045-1
- RHSA-2025:4443
- RHSA-2025:4458
- RHSA-2025:4460
- RHSA-2025:4751
- RHSA-2025:4752
- RHSA-2025:4753
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for the hundreds of thousands of vulnerabilities in the database; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for help- Published
- Apr 29, 2025
- Updated
- Sep 30, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.5% · 40th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-119
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Report tools
Action score
32
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 32 / 40 · 8.1 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.5%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| mozilla | firefox | cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:firefox |
| mozilla | thunderbird | cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- mozilla firefoxbefore 128.10
- mozilla firefoxbefore 138.0
- mozilla thunderbirdbefore 128.10.0
- mozilla thunderbirdbefore 138.0
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mozilla). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Mozilla Firefox
- 128.10 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
- 138 and laternot affected · rpm
Mozilla Thunderbird
- 128.10 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
- 138 and laternot affected · rpm
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:10 | firefox | before 128.10.0-1.el10_0 | 128.10.0-1.el10_0 |
| AlmaLinux:10 | thunderbird | before 128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1 | 128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | firefox | before 128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1 | 128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | thunderbird | before 128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1 | 128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | firefox | before 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 | 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | firefox | before 128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 | 128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | firefox-x11 | before 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 | 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | firefox-x11 | before 128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 | 128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | thunderbird | before 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 | 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 |
| Debian:11 | firefox-esr | before 128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1 | 128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1 |
| Debian:11 | thunderbird | before 1:128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1 | 1:128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1 |
| Debian:12 | firefox-esr | before 128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1 | 128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1 |
| Debian:12 | thunderbird | before 1:128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1 | 1:128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1 |
| Debian:13 | firefox-esr | before 128.10.0esr-1 | 128.10.0esr-1 |
| Debian:13 | thunderbird | before 1:128.10.0esr-1 | 1:128.10.0esr-1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | MozillaFirefox | before 138.0-1.1 | 138.0-1.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | MozillaThunderbird | before 128.10.0-1.1 | 128.10.0-1.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | firefox | before 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 | 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | firefox-debuginfo | before 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 | 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | firefox-debugsource | before 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 | 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | thunderbird | before 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 | 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | thunderbird-debuginfo | before 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 | 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0 | thunderbird-debugsource | before 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 | 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | firefox | before 0:128.10.0-1.el8_10 | 0:128.10.0-1.el8_10 |
+70
Same product
mozilla: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2010-3765Mozilla Firefox 3.5.x through 3.5.14 and 3.6.x through 3.6.11, Thunderbird 3.1.6 before 3.1.6 and 3.0.x before 3.0.10, and SeaMonkey 2.x befKEV94Now
- CVE-2019-11708Insufficient vetting of parameters passed with the Prompt:Open IPC message between child and parent processes can result in the non-sandboxeKEV87Now
- CVE-2015-4495The PDF reader in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0.3, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1.1, and Firefox OS before 2.2 allows remote attackers to bypassKEV86Now
- CVE-2013-1690Mozilla Firefox before 22.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.7, Thunderbird before 17.0.7, and Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.7 do not properKEV86Now
- CVE-2019-17026Incorrect alias information in IonMonkey JIT compiler for setting array elements could lead to a type confusion.KEV79This week
- CVE-2024-9680An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines.KEV76This week
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| almalinux:firefox | 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:firefox-x11 | 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:thunderbird | 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:firefox-esr | 128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:thunderbird | 1:128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:MozillaFirefox | 128.10.0-150200.152.179.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:MozillaThunderbird | 128.10.0-150200.8.212.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:firefox | 0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:firefox-debuginfo | 0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:firefox-debugsource | 0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:firefox-x11 | 0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:thunderbird | 0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:thunderbird-debuginfo | 0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:thunderbird-debugsource | 0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:firefox | 0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Rocky Linux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:thunderbird | 0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Rocky Linux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:MozillaFirefox | 128.10.0-150200.152.179.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:MozillaThunderbird | 128.10.0-150200.8.212.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2026-2776301 days apartSandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Telemetry component in External Software40Plan
- CVE-2026-2778301 days apartSandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Core & HTML component40Plan
- CVE-2026-16367448 days apartSandbox escape due to invalid pointer in the Disability Access APIs component40Plan
- CVE-2025-804484 days apartMemory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 141 and Thunderbird 14139Monitor
- CVE-2025-9179112 days apartSandbox escape due to invalid pointer in the Audio/Video: GMP component39Monitor
- CVE-2025-9187112 days apartMemory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 142 and Thunderbird 14239Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- High
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory BufferCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment VariablesCAPEC-10likelihood: High · High
- Overflow BuffersCAPEC-100likelihood: High · Very High
- Buffer ManipulationCAPEC-123likelihood: High · Very High
- Client-side Injection-induced Buffer OverflowCAPEC-14likelihood: Medium · High
- Filter Failure through Buffer OverflowCAPEC-24likelihood: High · High
- MIME ConversionCAPEC-42likelihood: High · High
- Overflow Binary Resource FileCAPEC-44likelihood: High · Very High
- Buffer Overflow via Symbolic LinksCAPEC-45likelihood: High · High
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1951161%2C1952105
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-28/
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-29/
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-31/
- www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-32/
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00024.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.