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CVE-2025-4087· NVD / CVE Program· CNA mozilla

Unsafe attribute access during XPath parsing

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 19/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.31% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: firefox (AlmaLinux:10) 128.10.0-1.el10_0; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:10) 128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1; firefox (AlmaLinux:8) 128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to firefox (AlmaLinux:10) 128.10.0-1.el10_0; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:10) 128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1; firefox (AlmaLinux:8) 128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A vulnerability was identified in Thunderbird where XPath parsing could trigger undefined behavior due to missing null checks during attribute access. This could lead to out-of-bounds read access and potentially, memory corruption. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 138, Firefox ESR 128.10, Thunderbird 138, and Thunderbird 128.10.

MediumCVSS 4.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Apr 29, 2025
Updated
Oct 5, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 23th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

19

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
19 / 40 · 4.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-4087

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
mozillafirefox
mozillathunderbird

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • mozilla firefoxbefore 128.10
  • mozilla firefoxbefore 138.0
  • mozilla thunderbirdbefore 128.10.0
  • mozilla thunderbirdbefore 138.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mozilla). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Mozilla Firefox

    • 128.10 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
    • 138 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Mozilla Thunderbird

    • 128.10 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
    • 138 and laternot affected · rpm

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10firefoxbefore 128.10.0-1.el10_0128.10.0-1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10thunderbirdbefore 128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:8firefoxbefore 128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1
AlmaLinux:8thunderbirdbefore 128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1128.10.0-1.el8_10.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9firefoxbefore 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9firefoxbefore 128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9firefox-x11before 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9firefox-x11before 128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9thunderbirdbefore 128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1
Debian:11firefox-esrbefore 128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:11thunderbirdbefore 1:128.10.1esr-1~deb11u11:128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:12firefox-esrbefore 128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:12thunderbirdbefore 1:128.10.0esr-1~deb12u11:128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:13firefox-esrbefore 128.10.0esr-1128.10.0esr-1
Debian:13thunderbirdbefore 1:128.10.0esr-11:128.10.0esr-1
openSUSE:TumbleweedMozillaFirefoxbefore 138.0-1.1138.0-1.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedMozillaThunderbirdbefore 128.10.0-1.1128.10.0-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0firefoxbefore 0:128.10.0-1.el10_00:128.10.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0firefox-debuginfobefore 0:128.10.0-1.el10_00:128.10.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0firefox-debugsourcebefore 0:128.10.0-1.el10_00:128.10.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0thunderbirdbefore 0:128.10.0-1.el10_00:128.10.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0thunderbird-debuginfobefore 0:128.10.0-1.el10_00:128.10.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0thunderbird-debugsourcebefore 0:128.10.0-1.el10_00:128.10.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamfirefoxbefore 0:128.10.0-1.el8_100:128.10.0-1.el8_10

+70

Same product

mozilla: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2010-3765Mozilla Firefox 3.5.x through 3.5.14 and 3.6.x through 3.6.11, Thunderbird 3.1.6 before 3.1.6 and 3.0.x before 3.0.10, and SeaMonkey 2.x befKEV
    94Now
  • CVE-2019-11708Insufficient vetting of parameters passed with the Prompt:Open IPC message between child and parent processes can result in the non-sandboxeKEV
    87Now
  • CVE-2015-4495The PDF reader in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0.3, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1.1, and Firefox OS before 2.2 allows remote attackers to bypassKEV
    86Now
  • CVE-2013-1690Mozilla Firefox before 22.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.7, Thunderbird before 17.0.7, and Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.7 do not properKEV
    86Now
  • CVE-2019-17026Incorrect alias information in IonMonkey JIT compiler for setting array elements could lead to a type confusion.KEV
    79This week
  • CVE-2024-9680An attacker was able to achieve code execution in the content process by exploiting a use-after-free in Animation timelines.KEV
    76This week

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:firefox128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:firefox-x11128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:thunderbird128.10.0-1.el9_5.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:firefox-esr128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:thunderbird1:128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaFirefox128.10.0-150200.152.179.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaThunderbird128.10.0-150200.8.212.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debuginfo0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debugsource0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-x110:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debuginfo0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debugsource0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:firefox0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Rocky Linux:9Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:thunderbird0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Rocky Linux:9Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaFirefox128.10.0-150200.152.179.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaThunderbird128.10.0-150200.8.212.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2024-29943403 days apartAn attacker was able to perform an out-of-bounds read or write on a JavaScript object by fooling range-based bounds check elimination.
    46Plan
  • CVE-2025-491818 days apartOut-of-bounds access when resolving Promise objects
    42Plan
  • CVE-2026-2771301 days apartUndefined behavior in the DOM: Core & HTML component
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-491918 days apartOut-of-bounds access when optimizing linear sums
    38Monitor
  • CVE-2024-7522266 days apartEditor code failed to check an attribute value.
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2024-3854378 days apartIn some code patterns the JIT incorrectly optimized switch statements and generated code with out-of-bounds-reads.
    35Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-125 · Out-of-bounds Read

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (5 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records