A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiCamera 2.1.0 through 2.1.3, FortiCamera 2.0 all version
A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiCamera 2.1.0 through 2.1.3, FortiCamera 2.0 all versions, FortiCamera 1.1 all versions, FortiMail 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiMail 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, FortiMail 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, FortiNDR 7.6.0, FortiNDR 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiNDR 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, FortiNDR 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, FortiRecorder 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, FortiRecorder 7.0.0 through 7.0.5, FortiRecorder 6.4.0 through 6.4.5, FortiVoice 7.2.0, FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, FortiVoice 6.4.0 through 6.4.10 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via sending HTTP requests with specially crafted hash cookie.
- Published
- May 13, 2025
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 29.8% · 98th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-121
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Report tools
Action score
78
This week
Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.
- CVSS
- 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 30 / 30 · Listed
- EPSS
- 9 / 30 · 29.8%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- active
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 9.8
- CNA · fortinet
- 9.6
- 0.2 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:X/RC:C
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Actively exploited in the wild
CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on May 14, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.
Remediation deadline for government agencies: Jun 4, 2025.
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| fortinet | fortimail | cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimail |
| fortinet | fortindr | cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortindr |
| fortinet | fortirecorder | cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortirecorder |
| fortinet | fortivoice | cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortivoice |
| fortinet | forticamera firmware | cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:forticamera_firmware |
| fortinet | forticamera | cpe:2.3:h:fortinet:forticamera |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- fortinet forticamera firmware1.1.0 and later · up to 1.1.5 inclusive
- fortinet forticamera firmware2.0.0 and later · up to 2.1.3 inclusive
- fortinet fortimail7.4.0 and later · before 7.4.5
- fortinet fortimail7.6.0 and later · before 7.6.3
- fortinet fortimail7.0.0 and later · before 7.0.9
- fortinet fortimail7.2.0 and later · before 7.2.8
- fortinet fortindr7.4.0 and later · before 7.4.8
- fortinet fortindr7.2.0 and later · before 7.2.5
- fortinet fortindr7.0.0 and later · before 7.0.7
- fortinet fortindr1.1.0
- fortinet fortindr1.2.0
- fortinet fortindr1.3.0
- fortinet fortindr1.4.0
- fortinet fortindr1.5.0
- fortinet fortindr7.1.0
- fortinet fortindr7.1.1
- fortinet fortindr7.6.0
- fortinet fortirecorder7.2.0 and later · before 7.2.4
- fortinet fortirecorder6.4.0 and later · before 6.4.6
- fortinet fortirecorder7.0.0 and later · before 7.0.6
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (fortinet). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Fortinet FortiCamera
- 2.0.0affected
- 2.1.0 and later · up to and including 2.1.3affected · semver
- 1.1.0 and later · up to and including 1.1.5affected · semver
Fortinet FortiMail
- 7.6.0 and later · up to and including 7.6.2affected · semver
- 7.4.0 and later · up to and including 7.4.4affected · semver
- 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.7affected · semver
- 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.8affected · semver
Fortinet FortiNDR
- 7.6.0, 1.4.0, 1.2.0, 1.1.0affected
- 7.4.0 and later · up to and including 7.4.7affected · semver
- 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.4affected · semver
- 7.1.0 and later · up to and including 7.1.1affected · semver
- 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.6affected · semver
- 1.5.0 and later · up to and including 1.5.3affected · semver
- 1.3.0 and later · up to and including 1.3.1affected · semver
Fortinet FortiRecorder
- 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.3affected · semver
- 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.5affected · semver
- 6.4.0 and later · up to and including 6.4.5affected · semver
Fortinet FortiVoice
- 7.2.0affected
- 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.6affected · semver
- 6.4.0 and later · up to and including 6.4.10affected · semver
Same product
fortinet: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2020-9294An improper authentication vulnerability in FortiMail 5.4.10, 6.0.7, 6.2.2 and earlier and FortiVoiceEntreprise 6.0.0 and 6.0.1 may allow a 62This week
- CVE-2023-47539An improper access control vulnerability in FortiMail version 7.4.0 configured with RADIUS authentication and remote_wildcard enabled may al39Monitor
- CVE-2021-32586An improper input validation vulnerability in the web server CGI facilities of FortiMail before 7.0.1 may allow an unauthenticated attacker 39Monitor
- CVE-2021-36166An improper authentication vulnerability in FortiMail before 7.0.1 may allow a remote attacker to efficiently guess one administrative accou39Monitor
- CVE-2021-24020A missing cryptographic step in the implementation of the hash digest algorithm in FortiMail 6.4.0 through 6.4.4, and 6.2.0 through 6.2.7 ma39Monitor
- CVE-2021-24007Multiple improper neutralization of special elements of SQL commands vulnerabilities in FortiMail before 6.4.4 may allow a non-authenticated39Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.
Exploit status
Weaponized
A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.
Evidence
- Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×5
Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.
| Source | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:4 | 2025-05-18 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:195 | 2025-06-05 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2025-06-09 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2025-06-09 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2025-07-23 |
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
- Published
- CISA KEV+1 d
- First PoC+5 d
- TodaySep 29, 2026+504 d
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
- CVE-2024-4666363 days apartA stack-buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] in Fortinet FortiMail CLI version 7.6.0 through 7.6.1 and before 7.4.3 allows a privileged a26Monitor
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-121 · Stack-based Buffer OverflowCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.
References
- fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-254
- www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32756
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.