Skip to content
Noroxi
CVE-2025-31161· NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy insta

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded
Published
Apr 3, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
100.0% · 100th percentile
Follow this CVE

Sign in to follow · You’ll be notified if a followed record enters KEV, gets an exploit or is updated.

Report tools

JSON

Action score

99

Now

Patch today or shut off access.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV
30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS
30 / 30 · 100.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
active
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
9.8
CNA · mitre
9.8
agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Apr 7, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for government agencies: Apr 28, 2025.

Known to be used in ransomware campaigns.

Affected systems

VendorProduct
crushftpcrushftp

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • crushftp crushftp10.0.0 and later · before 10.8.4
  • crushftp crushftp11.0.0 and later · before 11.3.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mitre). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • CrushFTP CrushFTP

    • 10 and later · before 10.8.4affected
    • 11 and later · before 11.3.1affected

Same product

crushftp: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2024-4040Unauthenticated arbitrary file read and remote code execution in CrushFTPKEV
    100Now
  • CVE-2025-54309CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.5 and 11 before 11.3.4_23, when the DMZ proxy feature is not used, mishandles AS2 validation and consequently allowsKEV
    97Now
  • CVE-2023-43177CrushFTP prior to 10.5.1 is vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes.
    64This week
  • CVE-2024-53552CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.3 and 11 before 11.2.3 mishandles password reset, leading to account takeover.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2017-14035CrushFTP 8.x before 8.2.0 has a serialization vulnerability.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2025-32103CrushFTP 9.x and 10.x through 10.8.4 and 11.x through 11.3.1 allows directory traversal via the /WebInterface/function/ URI to read files ac
    25Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

  • Exploit-DB entry ×1
  • Nuclei detection template ×1
  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×20

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Exploit-DB entryremote2025-05-18
Nuclei detection templateNuclei template CVE-2025-31161 —
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:482025-04-08
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:22025-04-21
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:12025-04-24
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-04-24
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:52025-05-23
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-06-07
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-07-19
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:22025-09-10
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-09-15
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-09-26

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. CISA KEV+3 d
  3. First PoC+4 d
  4. TodaySep 29, 2026+544 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

—

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

  • CVE-2025-3210312 days apartCrushFTP 9.x and 10.x through 10.8.4 and 11.x through 11.3.1 allows directory traversal via the /WebInterface/function/ URI to read files ac
    25Monitor
  • CVE-2025-3210212 days apartCrushFTP 9.x and 10.x through 10.8.4 and 11.x through 11.3.1 allows SSRF via the host and port parameters in a command=telnetSocket request
    23Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-305 · Authentication Bypass by Primary Weakness

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Noroxi analysis

No Noroxi analysis for this record yet

We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.

We use this product, ask for help

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records