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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-30156: Ceph: AES-CBC misuse in CephX and RADOSGW enables authentication bypass and credential forgery

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 35/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.13% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone on the same network segment can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: azl3 ceph 18.2.2-13 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 ceph 18.2.2-13 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Ceph is an open-source distributed storage platform providing object, block, and file storage. In versions prior to 20.2.4 and 19.2.6, the CephX authentication protocol encrypts tickets with AES-128-CBC in an unauthenticated mode that uses a hard-coded initialization vector and no message authentication, allowing an attacker to forge credentials and gain cluster-wide access. Because the ciphertext is malleable and the monitor will encrypt attacker-chosen entity names, an attacker holding one low-privilege key and able to observe CephX traffic can use the monitor as an encryption oracle and splice ciphertext blocks into valid tickets for privileged entities such as Manager, MDS, and OSD. The same lack of authentication also lets an attacker with CephX permissions escalate privileges by flipping a single bit in a service ticket to set its allow_all field to true. This issue is fixed in versions 20.2.4 and 19.2.6.

HighCVSS 8.9 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Aug 28, 2026
Updated
Oct 19, 2026
EPSS
0.1% · 2th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

35

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
35 / 40 · 8.9 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
8.9
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-30156

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

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Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • ceph ceph

    • < 19.2.6, >= 20.0.0, < 20.2.4affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10kernelbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64kbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-corebefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debugbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-corebefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-develbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-devel-matchedbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-modulesbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-modules-corebefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-debug-modules-extrabefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-develbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-devel-matchedbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-modulesbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-modules-corebefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-64k-modules-extrabefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-abi-stablelistsbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-corebefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-cross-headersbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debugbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-corebefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-develbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-devel-matchedbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-modulesbefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2
AlmaLinux:10kernel-debug-modules-corebefore 6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_26.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2

+96

Same product

ceph: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-50152Ceph Monitor subscription handler improperly authorizes config-key store reads, exposing cluster secrets to read-only users
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-39944Ceph: CephX AES Authentication error
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2018-10861A flaw was found in the way ceph mon handles user requests.
    33Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-52555Jun 26, 2025 · CephFS Permission Escalation Vulnerability in Ceph Fuse mounted FS
    26Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-48916Jul 30, 2025 · Ceph is vulnerable to authentication bypass through RadosGW
    32Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2026-54330Aug 27, 2026 · Ceph RGW SigV4 handler accepts unsigned x-amz-* headers on presigned requests, allowing privilege escalation
    32Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
azl3 ceph 18.2.2-12 on Azure Linux 3.0—Microsoft (MSRC)
azl3 ceph 18.2.2-13 on Azure Linux 3.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:kernel6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-core6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-core6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-core6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-debug-modules-extra6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-devel6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:kernel-64k-devel-matched6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · AlmaLinux:10Package registry (OSV)
debian:ceph20.2.4+ds-1 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-debuginfo0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debug-devel-matched0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-debuginfo0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-64k-devel-matched0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-debuginfo0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debug-devel-matched0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debuginfo0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch640:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le0:6.12.0-211.7.1.el10_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.2Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-399441 days apartCeph: CephX AES Authentication error
    35Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone on the same network segment can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
low · the service can be disrupted

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Adjacent
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
Low

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-327 · Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records