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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mozilla

CVE-2025-2857: Incorrect handle could lead to sandbox escapes

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 41/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1.9% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 80.4% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: firefox-esr (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 128.9.0-1.1; MozillaFirefox (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 136.0.4-1.1; mozjs128 (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 128.8.1-1.1.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to firefox-esr (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 128.9.0-1.1; MozillaFirefox (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 136.0.4-1.1; mozjs128 (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 128.8.1-1.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Following the recent Chrome sandbox escape (CVE-2025-2783), various Firefox developers identified a similar pattern in our IPC code. A compromised child process could cause the parent process to return an unintentionally powerful handle, leading to a sandbox escape. The original vulnerability was being exploited in the wild. *This only affects Firefox on Windows. Other operating systems are unaffected.*. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 136.0.4, Firefox ESR 128.8.1, and Firefox ESR 115.21.1.

CriticalCVSS 10.0 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 27, 2025
Updated
Oct 5, 2026
EPSS
1.9% · 80th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

41

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS
40 / 40 · 10.0 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 1.9%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-2857

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
mozillafirefox

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • mozilla firefoxbefore 136.0.4
  • mozilla firefoxbefore 115.21.1
  • mozilla firefox128.1.0 and later · before 128.8.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mozilla). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Mozilla Firefox

    • 115.21.1 and later · up to and including 115.*not affected · rpm
    • 128.8.1 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
    • 136.0.4 and laternot affected · rpm

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
openSUSE:Tumbleweedfirefox-esrbefore 128.9.0-1.1128.9.0-1.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedMozillaFirefoxbefore 136.0.4-1.1136.0.4-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedmozjs128before 128.8.1-1.1128.8.1-1.1

Same product

mozilla: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2010-3765Mozilla Firefox 3.5.x through 3.5.14 and 3.6.x through 3.6.11, Thunderbird 3.1.6 before 3.1.6 and 3.0.x before 3.0.10, and SeaMonkey 2.x befKEV
    94Now
  • CVE-2019-11708Insufficient vetting of parameters passed with the Prompt:Open IPC message between child and parent processes can result in the non-sandboxeKEV
    87Now
  • CVE-2015-4495The PDF reader in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0.3, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1.1, and Firefox OS before 2.2 allows remote attackers to bypassKEV
    86Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-27424Mar 4, 2025 · Firefox Mobile iOS Address Bar Spoof Using Server-Side Redirect to non-http Scheme
    17Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-27425Mar 4, 2025 · QR code user confirmation bypass with invalid protocol
    17Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-3028Apr 1, 2025 · Use-after-free triggered by XSLTProcessor
    26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
opensuse:firefox-esr128.9.0-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaFirefox136.0.4-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:mozjs128128.8.1-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-8958418 days apartInformation disclosure, sandbox escape in the Security: Process Sandboxing component
    34Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-668 · Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records