NVD / CVE Program· CNA mozilla

CVE-2025-2830: Information Disclosure of /tmp directory listing

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 25/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.35% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: thunderbird (AlmaLinux:10) 128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:8) 128.9.2-1.el8_10.alma.1; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:9) 128.9.2-1.el9_5.alma.1, 128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to thunderbird (AlmaLinux:10) 128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:8) 128.9.2-1.el8_10.alma.1; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:9) 128.9.2-1.el9_5.alma.1, 128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

By crafting a malformed file name for an attachment in a multipart message, an attacker can trick Thunderbird into including a directory listing of /tmp when the message is forwarded or edited as a new message. This vulnerability could allow attackers to disclose sensitive information from the victim's system. This vulnerability is not limited to Linux; similar behavior has been observed on Windows as well. This vulnerability was fixed in Thunderbird 137.0.2 and Thunderbird 128.9.2.

MediumCVSS 6.3 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Published: Apr 15, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 0.3% · 29th percentile
CWE: CWE-22

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 25 / 40 · 6.3 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
mozilla	thunderbird	cpe:2.3:a:mozilla:thunderbird

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

mozilla thunderbirdbefore 128.9.2
mozilla thunderbird129.0 and later · before 137.0.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mozilla). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Mozilla Thunderbird
- 128.9.2 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
- 137.0.2 and laternot affected · rpm

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
AlmaLinux:10	thunderbird	before 128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1	128.10.0-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:8	thunderbird	before 128.9.2-1.el8_10.alma.1	128.9.2-1.el8_10.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9	thunderbird	before 128.9.2-1.el9_5.alma.1	128.9.2-1.el9_5.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9	thunderbird	before 128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1	128.10.0-1.el9_6.alma.1
Debian:11	thunderbird	before 1:128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1	1:128.10.1esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:12	thunderbird	before 1:128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1	1:128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:13	thunderbird	before 1:128.10.0esr-1	1:128.10.0esr-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6	MozillaThunderbird	before 128.9.2-150200.8.209.1	128.9.2-150200.8.209.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweed	MozillaThunderbird	before 128.9.2-1.1	128.9.2-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	thunderbird	before 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0	0:128.10.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	thunderbird-debuginfo	before 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0	0:128.10.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	thunderbird-debugsource	before 0:128.10.0-1.el10_0	0:128.10.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	thunderbird	before 0:128.9.2-1.el8_10	0:128.9.2-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	thunderbird-debuginfo	before 0:128.9.2-1.el8_10	0:128.9.2-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	thunderbird-debugsource	before 0:128.9.2-1.el8_10	0:128.9.2-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	thunderbird	before 0:128.9.2-1.el9_5	0:128.9.2-1.el9_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	thunderbird	before 0:128.10.0-1.el9_6	0:128.10.0-1.el9_6
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	thunderbird-debuginfo	before 0:128.9.2-1.el9_5	0:128.9.2-1.el9_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	thunderbird-debuginfo	before 0:128.10.0-1.el9_6	0:128.10.0-1.el9_6
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	thunderbird-debugsource	before 0:128.9.2-1.el9_5	0:128.9.2-1.el9_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	thunderbird-debugsource	before 0:128.10.0-1.el9_6	0:128.10.0-1.el9_6
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.2::appstream	thunderbird	before 0:128.9.2-1.el8_2	0:128.9.2-1.el8_2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.2::appstream	thunderbird-debuginfo	before 0:128.9.2-1.el8_2	0:128.9.2-1.el8_2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.2::appstream	thunderbird-debugsource	before 0:128.9.2-1.el8_2	0:128.9.2-1.el8_2

+20

Same product

mozilla: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2019-11705A flaw in Thunderbird's implementation of iCal causes a stack buffer overflow in icalrecur_add_bydayrules when processing certain email mess
42Plan
CVE-2019-11704A flaw in Thunderbird's implementation of iCal causes a heap buffer overflow in icalmemory_strdup_and_dequote when processing certain email
42Plan
CVE-2019-11703A flaw in Thunderbird's implementation of iCal causes a heap buffer overflow in parser_get_next_char when processing certain email messages,
42Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2025-26695Mar 10, 2025 · Downloading of OpenPGP keys from WKD used incorrect padding
21Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2025-26696Mar 10, 2025 · Crafted email message incorrectly shown as being encrypted
28Monitor
Later →CVE-2025-3522Apr 15, 2025 · Leak of hashed Window credentials via crafted attachment URL
25Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
almalinux:thunderbird	128.9.2-1.el9_5.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
debian:thunderbird	1:128.10.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaThunderbird	128.9.2-150200.8.209.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird	0:128.9.2-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debuginfo	0:128.9.2-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debugsource	0:128.9.2-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:thunderbird	0:128.10.0-1.el9_5 · Rocky Linux:9	Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaThunderbird	128.9.2-150200.8.209.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Dario Weißer

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
A user must open a link or visit a page.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: low · data can be read
Integrity: low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: low · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: Low
Integrity impact: Low
Availability impact: Low

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-22 · Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

nvd-secondary

Root cause

A user-supplied file name is joined with the allowed directory, but the result is never checked to confirm it is still inside that directory.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-22 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const file = path.join(ROOT, req.query.name);
2res.sendFile(file);

Fixed

1const file = path.resolve(ROOT, req.query.name);
2if (!file.startsWith(ROOT + path.sep)) {
3  return res.sendStatus(400);
4}
5res.sendFile(file);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:46 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1956379

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records