Skip to content
Noroxi
NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-27611: base-x homograph attack allows Unicode lookalike characters to bypass validation.

HighCVSS 8.7 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 34/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.44% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: base-x (npm) 4.0.1, 5.0.1, 3.0.11; eap8-activemq-artemis (Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8) 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap; eap8-activemq-artemis-cli (Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8) 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to base-x (npm) 4.0.1, 5.0.1, 3.0.11; eap8-activemq-artemis (Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8) 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap; eap8-activemq-artemis-cli (Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8) 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

base-x is a base encoder and decoder of any given alphabet using bitcoin style leading zero compression. Versions 4.0.0, 5.0.0, and all prior to 3.0.11, are vulnerable to attackers potentially deceiving users into sending funds to an unintended address. This issue has been patched in versions 3.0.11, 4.0.1, and 5.0.1.

Published
Apr 30, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 39th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

34

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
34 / 40 · 8.7 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
8.7
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-27611

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits every 10 minutes on paid plans, on the hour on the free plan.

Your free account also gets you

  • CVE alerts: add the products and versions you run, get the new CVEs that affect them
  • Uptime monitoring: 1 site, instant email when it goes down
  • Add your domain: subdomains and takeover risk scanned every week (1 domain)
  • 10 scans an hour on the security tools, at most 30 a day (3 a day without an account), an API key and MCP
  • All your scans in one panel: findings, what changed in the last scan, a report per domain or per client (PDF, share link)
All free tools

Sign up with email · Have an account? Sign in

Free account, no card. Unfollow any time.

Don't want an account? Get "Exploited this week" by email every MondayDon't want an account? RSS feed for cryptocoinjs records
Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

We use this product, ask for help

Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • cryptocoinjs base-x

    • = 5.0.0, = 4.0.0, < 3.0.11affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
npmbase-xfrom 4.0.0 · before 4.0.14.0.1
npmbase-xfrom 5.0.0 · before 5.0.15.0.1
npmbase-xbefore 3.0.113.0.11
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemisbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-clibefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-commonsbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-core-clientbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-dtobefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-hornetq-protocolbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-hqclient-protocolbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-clientbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-rabefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-serverbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-service-extensionsbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jdbc-storebefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-journalbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-selectorbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-serverbefore 0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-commons-beanutilsbefore 0:1.11.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:1.11.0-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-cxfbefore 0:4.0.6-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:4.0.6-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-cxf-rtbefore 0:4.0.6-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:4.0.6-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-cxf-servicesbefore 0:4.0.6-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:4.0.6-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-cxf-toolsbefore 0:4.0.6-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:4.0.6-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-mime4jbefore 0:0.8.12-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:0.8.12-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap

+91

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
npm:base-x3.0.11Package registry (OSV)
npm:base-x4.0.1Package registry (OSV)
npm:base-x5.0.1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-cli0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-commons0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-core-client0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-dto0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-hornetq-protocol0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-hqclient-protocol0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-client0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-ra0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-server0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-service-extensions0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jdbc-store0:2.33.0-3.redhat_00017.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-1007 · Insufficient Visual Distinction of Homoglyphs Presented to User

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records