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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2025-27423: Improper Input Validation in Vim

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 35/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 22.4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 97.7% of all records.
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: azl3 vim 9.1.0791-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 9.1.1164-1; azl3 vim 9.1.1164-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 9.1.1164-1; cbl2 vim 9.1.0791-4 on CBL Mariner 2.0 9.1.1164-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 vim 9.1.0791-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 9.1.1164-1; azl3 vim 9.1.1164-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 9.1.1164-1; cbl2 vim 9.1.0791-4 on CBL Mariner 2.0 9.1.1164-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Vim is distributed with the tar.vim plugin, that allows easy editing and viewing of (compressed or uncompressed) tar files. Starting with 9.1.0858, the tar.vim plugin uses the ":read" ex command line to append below the cursor position, however the is not sanitized and is taken literally from the tar archive. This allows to execute shell commands via special crafted tar archives. Whether this really happens, depends on the shell being used ('shell' option, which is set using $SHELL). The issue has been fixed as of Vim patch v9.1.1164

HighCVSS 7.1 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 3, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
22.4% · 97th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

35

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
7 / 30 · 22.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · GitHub_M
7.1
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-27423

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
vimvim
netapphci compute node

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • netapp hci compute nodeall versions
  • vim vim9.1.0858 and later · before 9.1.1164

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • vim vim

    • < 9.1.1164affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.22vimfrom 9.1.0858 · before 9.1.1164-r09.1.1164-r0
Debian:13vimbefore 2:9.1.1230-12:9.1.1230-1

Same product

vim: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2008-2712Vim 7.1.314, 6.4, and other versions allows user-assisted remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via Vim scripts that do not properl
    42Plan
  • CVE-2022-0318Heap-based Buffer Overflow in vim/vim
    40Plan
  • CVE-2019-12735getchar.c in Vim before 8.1.1365 and Neovim before 0.3.6 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via the :source! command i
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1215Feb 12, 2025 · vim main.c memory corruption
    9Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-26603Feb 18, 2025 · heap-use-after-free in function str_to_reg in vim/vim
    16Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-29768Mar 13, 2025 · Vim vulnerable to potential data loss with zip.vim and special crafted zip files
    17Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
azl3 vim 9.1.0791-4 on Azure Linux 3.09.1.1164-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 vim 9.1.1164-1 on Azure Linux 3.09.1.1164-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 vim 9.1.0791-4 on CBL Mariner 2.09.1.1164-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 vim 9.1.0791-4 on CBL-Mariner 2.09.1.1164-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 vim 9.1.1164-1 on CBL Mariner 2.09.1.1164-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
alpine:vim9.1.1164-r0 · Alpine:v3.22Package registry (OSV)
debian:vim2:9.1.1230-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-73078526 days apartVim: Arbitrary Code Execution via Netrw Menu Construction
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2026-57453479 days apartVim: PowerShell Command Injection via Unescaped Filename in zip.vim Extraction
    29Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-77 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records