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NVD / CVE Program· CNA fedora

CVE-2025-26529: Stored XSS risk in admin live log

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 24/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.51% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: Moodle Project moodle 4.1.16, 4.3.10, 4.4.6.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 8.3, NVD 6.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Moodle Project moodle 4.1.16, 4.3.10, 4.4.6 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Description information displayed in the site administration live log required additional sanitizing to prevent a stored XSS risk.

MediumCVSS 6.1 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Feb 24, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 44th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

24

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
24 / 40 · 6.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
6.1
CNA · fedora
8.3
2.2 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-26529

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
moodlemoodle

Limit the impact of XSS

This is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. A well-configured Content-Security-Policy doesn't fix it, but greatly reduces its impact. Check your site's CSP and other security headers for free.

Check security headers

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • moodle moodle4.1.0 and later · before 4.1.16
  • moodle moodle4.3.0 and later · before 4.3.10
  • moodle moodle4.4.0 and later · before 4.4.6
  • moodle moodle4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (fedora). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Moodle Project moodle

    • 4.5.0 and later · before 4.5.2affected · semver
    • 4.4.0 and later · before 4.4.6affected · semver
    • 4.3.0 and later · before 4.3.10affected · semver
    • 4.1.0 and later · before 4.1.16affected · semver
    • 4.2.0 and later · before 4.2.*unknown · semver
    • before 4.0.*unknown · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Packagistmoodle/moodlefrom 4.3.0-beta · before 4.3.104.3.10
Packagistmoodle/moodlefrom 4.4.0-beta · before 4.4.64.4.6
Packagistmoodle/moodlefrom 4.5.0-beta · before 4.5.24.5.2
Packagistmoodle/moodlebefore 4.1.164.1.16

Same product

moodle: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2024-43425Moodle: remote code execution via calculated question types
    60This week
  • CVE-2021-36393In Moodle, an SQL injection risk was identified in the library fetching a user's recent courses.
    55Plan
  • CVE-2022-0332A flaw was found in Moodle in versions 3.11 to 3.11.4.
    52Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-26527Feb 24, 2025 · Non-searchable tags can still be discovered on the tag search page and in the tags block
    21Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-26528Feb 24, 2025 · Stored XSS in ddimageortext question type
    24Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-26530Feb 24, 2025 · Reflected XSS via question bank filter
    24Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Moodle Project moodle4.1.16Vendor (CNA)
Moodle Project moodle4.3.10Vendor (CNA)
Moodle Project moodle4.4.6Vendor (CNA)
Moodle Project moodle4.5.2Vendor (CNA)
Packagist:moodle/moodle4.1.16Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:moodle/moodle4.3.10Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:moodle/moodle4.4.6Package registry (OSV)
Packagist:moodle/moodle4.5.2Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×2

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:282025-04-12
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:32025-06-20

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+46 d
  3. TodayNov 1, 2026+615 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-265280 days apartStored XSS in ddimageortext question type
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2025-265300 days apartReflected XSS via question bank filter
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2024-43437105 days apartMoodle: xss risk when restoring malicious course backup file
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2024-43439105 days apartMoodle: reflected xss via h5p error message
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2024-38274251 days apartmoodle: stored XSS via calendar's event title when deleting the event
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2024-33997269 days apartmoodle: stored XSS risk when editing another user's equation in equation editor
    24Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-79 · Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

User content is inserted into the page as HTML. The browser interprets the content as code rather than data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-79 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
commentEl.innerHTML = comment.body;

Fixed

ts
commentEl.textContent = comment.body;

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

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References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records