# Active Storage allowed transformation methods potentially unsafe Active Storage attempts to prevent the use of potentially unsafe image
Noroxi assessment
Priority: This week (action score 60/100)
- A ready-made attack module is public (Metasploit); exploiting it takes no special expertise.
- A ready-made attack tool exists and the flaw can be exploited over the network without an account, so priority is at least “This week”.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 5.4% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 92.7% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- Fixed version: Rails activestorage 5.*, 7.0.2.1, 7.1.5.2.
Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Upgrade to Rails activestorage 5.*, 7.0.2.1, 7.1.5.2 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
# Active Storage allowed transformation methods potentially unsafe Active Storage attempts to prevent the use of potentially unsafe image transformation methods and parameters by default. The default allowed list contains three methods allow for the circumvention of the safe defaults which enables potential command injection vulnerabilities in cases where arbitrary user supplied input is accepted as valid transformation methods or parameters. Impact ------ This vulnerability impacts applications that use Active Storage with the image_processing processing gem in addition to mini_magick as the image processor. Vulnerable code will look something similar to this: ``` <%= image_tag blob.variant(params[:t] => params[:v]) %> ``` Where the transformation method or its arguments are untrusted arbitrary input. All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately. Workarounds ----------- Consuming user supplied input for image transformation methods or their parameters is unsupported behavior and should be considered dangerous. Strict validation of user supplied methods and parameters should be performed as well as having a strong [ImageMagick security policy](https://imagemagick.org/script/security-policy.php) deployed. Credits ------- Thank you [lio346](https://hackerone.com/lio346) for reporting this!
- Published
- Jan 30, 2026
- Updated
- Jul 15, 2026
- EPSS
- 5.4% · 92th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-77
Report tools
Action score
60
This week
Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.
- CVSS
- 36 / 40 · 9.2 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 2 / 30 · 5.4%
- Ready-made attack tool
- 22 / 60 · floor: at least 60
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- proof of concept
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · hackerone
- 9.2
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- Weaponized exploit exists
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| red hat 3scale amp | 2 | cpe:2.3:redhat:red_hat_3scale_amp:2 |
| satellite | 6 | cpe:2.3:redhat:satellite:6 |
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (hackerone). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Rails activestorage
- 5.2 and later · before 5.*affected · semver
- 7.0 and later · before 7.1.5.2affected · semver
- 8.0 and later · before 7.0.2.1affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:11 | rails | before 2:6.0.3.7+dfsg-2+deb11u4 | 2:6.0.3.7+dfsg-2+deb11u4 |
| Debian:12 | rails | before 2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u2 | 2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u2 |
| Debian:13 | rails | before 2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u1 | 2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u1 |
| Debian:14 | rails | before 2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-1 | 2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-1 |
| RubyGems | activestorage | from 5.2.0 · before 7.1.5.2 | 7.1.5.2 |
| RubyGems | activestorage | from 7.2 · before 7.2.2.2 | 7.2.2.2 |
| RubyGems | activestorage | from 8.0 · before 8.0.2.1 | 8.0.2.1 |
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Rails activestorage | 5.* | Vendor (CNA) |
| Rails activestorage | 7.0.2.1 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Rails activestorage | 7.1.5.2 | Vendor (CNA) |
| debian:rails | 2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u2 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| RubyGems:activestorage | 7.1.5.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| RubyGems:activestorage | 7.2.2.2 | Package registry (OSV) |
| RubyGems:activestorage | 8.0.2.1 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
Weaponized
A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.
Evidence
- Metasploit module ×1
- Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1
Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.
| Source | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Metasploit module | exploit/multi/http/rails_activestorage_vips_rceRuby on Rails Active Storage Vips Arbitrary File Read and Remote Code Executionexploit | 2026-07-29 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2020-04-05 |
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
- First PoC-2127 d
- Published
- Metasploit+179 d
- TodayOct 23, 2026+266 d
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- X
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-77 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- LDAP InjectionCAPEC-136likelihood: High · High
- Command DelimitersCAPEC-15likelihood: High · High
- IMAP/SMTP Command InjectionCAPEC-183Medium
- Command InjectionCAPEC-248likelihood: Medium · High
- Manipulating Writeable Terminal DevicesCAPEC-40likelihood: High · Very High
- Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation LayersCAPEC-43likelihood: Medium · High
- Manipulating Writeable Configuration FilesCAPEC-75likelihood: High · Very High
- Manipulating Web Input to File System CallsCAPEC-76likelihood: High · Very High
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
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References
Show all references (3 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.