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NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulDB

CVE-2025-2368: WebAssembly wabt Malformed File binary-reader-interp.cc OnExport heap-based overflow

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 21/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.57% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • No fixed version is recorded, but the references include a patch (commit or PR) link.

Low priority for now. See the fix and affected versions sections below.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A vulnerability was found in WebAssembly wabt 1.0.36 and classified as critical. This issue affects the function wabt::interp::(anonymous namespace)::BinaryReaderInterp::OnExport of the file wabt/src/interp/binary-reader-interp.cc of the component Malformed File Handler. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue.

MediumCVSS 5.3 · v4.0—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Mar 17, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 47th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

21

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
21 / 40 · 5.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulDB
5.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-2368

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
webassemblywabt

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • webassembly wabt1.0.36

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulDB). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • WebAssembly wabt

    • 1.0.36affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12wabtfrom 0—
PyPIwabt-binup to and including 1.0.36—

Same product

webassembly: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-90648wasm2c in WebAssembly wabt through 1.0.41 allows sandbox escape in some situations that primarily involve 32-bit platforms, aka a "table fli
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2022-43282wasm-interp v1.0.29 was discovered to contain an out-of-bounds read via the component OnReturnCallIndirectExpr->GetReturnCallDropKeepCount.
    28Monitor
  • CVE-2022-43280wasm-interp v1.0.29 was discovered to contain an out-of-bounds read via the component OnReturnCallExpr->GetReturnCallDropKeepCount.
    28Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2022-43283Oct 28, 2022 · wasm2c v1.0.29 was discovered to contain an abort in CWriter::Write.
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-27119Mar 9, 2023 · WebAssembly v1.0.29 was discovered to contain a segmentation fault via the component wabt::Decompiler::WrapChild.
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-2584Mar 21, 2025 · WebAssembly wabt binary-reader-interp.cc GetReturnCallDropKeepCount heap-based overflow
    9Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-25844 days apartWebAssembly wabt binary-reader-interp.cc GetReturnCallDropKeepCount heap-based overflow
    9Monitor
  • CVE-2025-627594 days apartWebAssembly wabt binary-reader-interp.cc GetFuncOffset use after free
    7Monitor
  • CVE-2025-15411290 days apartWebAssembly wabt wasm-decompile InsertNode memory corruption
    7Monitor
  • CVE-2025-15412290 days apartWebAssembly wabt wasm-decompile VarName out-of-bounds
    7Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
P
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-119 · Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records