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NVD / CVE Program· CNA hackerone

CVE-2025-23167: A flaw in Node.js 20's HTTP parser allows improper termination of HTTP/1 headers using `\r\n\rX` instead of the required `\r\n\r\n`.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 26/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.50% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: nodejs node 10.*, 11.*, 12.*; azl3 fluent-bit 3.1.9-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 CBL-Mariner Releases; cbl2 fluent-bit 3.0.6-2 on CBL Mariner 2.0 CBL-Mariner Releases.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to nodejs node 10.*, 11.*, 12.*; azl3 fluent-bit 3.1.9-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 CBL-Mariner Releases; cbl2 fluent-bit 3.0.6-2 on CBL Mariner 2.0 CBL-Mariner Releases or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A flaw in Node.js 20's HTTP parser allows improper termination of HTTP/1 headers using `\r\n\rX` instead of the required `\r\n\r\n`. This inconsistency enables request smuggling, allowing attackers to bypass proxy-based access controls and submit unauthorized requests. The issue was resolved by upgrading `llhttp` to version 9, which enforces correct header termination. Impact: * This vulnerability affects only Node.js 20.x users prior to the `llhttp` v9 upgrade.

MediumCVSS 6.5 · v3.0—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
May 18, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 43th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

26

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
26 / 40 · 6.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · hackerone
6.5
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when a new CVE affecting this product is published
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  • Add your domain: subdomains and takeover risk scanned every week (1 domain)
  • 10 scans an hour on the security tools (3 a day without an account), an API key and MCP
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Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (hackerone). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • nodejs node

    • 4.0 and later · before 4.*affected · semver
    • 5.0 and later · before 5.*affected · semver
    • 6.0 and later · before 6.*affected · semver
    • 7.0 and later · before 7.*affected · semver
    • 8.0 and later · before 8.*affected · semver
    • 9.0 and later · before 9.*affected · semver
    • 10.0 and later · before 10.*affected · semver
    • 11.0 and later · before 11.*affected · semver
    • 12.0 and later · before 12.*affected · semver
    • 13.0 and later · before 13.*affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12node-undicifrom 0—
Debian:14node-undicibefore 7.15.0+dfsg+~cs3.2.0-17.15.0+dfsg+~cs3.2.0-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6nodejs20before 20.19.2-150600.3.12.120.19.2-150600.3.12.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnodejsbefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c51:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnodejs-debuginfobefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c51:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnodejs-debugsourcebefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c51:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnodejs-develbefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c51:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnodejs-docsbefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c51:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnodejs-full-i18nbefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c51:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnodejs-nodemonbefore 0:3.0.1-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c50:3.0.1-1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnodejs-packagingbefore 0:2021.06-4.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c50:2021.06-4.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnodejs-packaging-bundlerbefore 0:2021.06-4.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c50:2021.06-4.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamnpmbefore 1:10.8.2-1.20.19.2.1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c51:10.8.2-1.20.19.2.1.module+el8.10.0+23139+21ba74c5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnodejsbefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnodejs-debuginfobefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnodejs-debugsourcebefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnodejs-develbefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnodejs-docsbefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnodejs-full-i18nbefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnodejs-nodemonbefore 0:3.0.1-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd0:3.0.1-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnodejs-packagingbefore 0:2021.06-4.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd0:2021.06-4.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnodejs-packaging-bundlerbefore 0:2021.06-4.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd0:2021.06-4.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamnpmbefore 1:10.8.2-1.20.19.2.1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd1:10.8.2-1.20.19.2.1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd
Rocky Linux:8nodejsbefore 1:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+1988+437f3d231:20.19.2-1.module+el8.10.0+1988+437f3d23

+35

Same product

nodejs: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2024-27983An attacker can make the Node.js HTTP/2 server completely unavailable by sending a small amount of HTTP/2 frames packets with a few HTTP/2 f
    58Plan
  • CVE-2025-27210An incomplete fix has been identified for CVE-2025-23084 in Node.js, specifically affecting Windows device names like CON, PRN, and AUX.
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2024-27980Due to the improper handling of batch files in child_process.spawn / child_process.spawnSync, a malicious command line argument can inject a
    32Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-23165May 18, 2025 · In Node.js, the `ReadFileUtf8` internal binding leaks memory due to a corrupted pointer in `uv_fs_s.file`: a UTF-16 path buffer is allocated
    14Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-23166May 18, 2025 · The C++ method SignTraits::DeriveBits() may incorrectly call ThrowException() based on user-supplied inputs when executing in a background t
    30Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-27209Jul 18, 2025 · The V8 release used in Node.js v24.0.0 has changed how string hashes are computed using rapidhash.
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
nodejs node10.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node11.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node12.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node13.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node14.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node15.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node16.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node17.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node18.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node19.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node4.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node5.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node6.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node7.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node8.*Vendor (CNA)
nodejs node9.*Vendor (CNA)
azl3 fluent-bit 3.1.9-4 on Azure Linux 3.0CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 fluent-bit 3.0.6-2 on CBL Mariner 2.0CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 nodejs18 18.20.3-12 on CBL-Mariner 2.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:node-undici7.15.0+dfsg+~cs3.2.0-1 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:nodejs2020.19.2-150600.3.12.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-debuginfo1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-debugsource1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-devel1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-docs1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-full-i18n1:20.19.2-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-nodemon0:3.0.1-1.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-packaging0:2021.06-4.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:nodejs-packaging-bundler0:2021.06-4.module+el9.6.0+23146+be9976bd · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)

+8

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:12025-07-15

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+57 d
  3. TodayNov 7, 2026+537 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2024-27982376 days apartThe team has identified a critical vulnerability in the http server of the most recent version of Node, where malformed headers can lead to
    26Monitor
  • CVE-2026-58044443 days apartA flaw in Node.js HTTP client can cause a request desynchronization for Node.js-based forwarding proxies that rebuild outbound headers from
    14Monitor
  • CVE-2026-48932470 days apartA flaw in Node.js HTTP client can cause a request desynchronization for Node.js-based forwarding proxies that rebuild outbound headers from
    14Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-444 · Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records