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CVE-2025-2291· NVD / CVE Program· CNA PostgreSQL

PgBouncer default auth_query does not take Postgres password expiry into account

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 39/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.36% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: n/a PgBouncer 1.24.1; azl3 pgbouncer 1.20.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.24.1-1; azl3 pgbouncer 1.24.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.24.1-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to n/a PgBouncer 1.24.1; azl3 pgbouncer 1.20.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.24.1-1; azl3 pgbouncer 1.24.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 1.24.1-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Password can be used past expiry in PgBouncer due to auth_query not taking into account Postgres its VALID UNTIL value, which allows an attacker to log in with an already expired password

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Apr 16, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 29th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

39

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
9.8
CNA · PostgreSQL
8.1
1.7 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-2291

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
pgbouncerpgbouncer
debiandebian linux

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • debian debian linux11.0
  • pgbouncer pgbouncerbefore 1.24.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (PostgreSQL). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • n/a PgBouncer

    • before 1.24.1affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:11pgbouncerbefore 1.15.0-1+deb11u11.15.0-1+deb11u1
Debian:12pgbouncerbefore 1.18.0-1+deb12u11.18.0-1+deb12u1
Debian:13pgbouncerbefore 1.24.1-11.24.1-1

Same product

pgbouncer: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-6665PgBouncer buffer overflow in SCRAM
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2015-6817PgBouncer 1.6.x before 1.6.1, when configured with auth_user, allows remote attackers to gain login access as auth_user via an unknown usern
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2025-12819Untrusted search path in auth_query connection in PgBouncer
    32Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2015-4054May 23, 2017 · PgBouncer before 1.5.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) by sending a password packe
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-3935Nov 22, 2021 · When PgBouncer is configured to use "cert" authentication, a man-in-the-middle attacker can inject arbitrary SQL queries when a connection i
    32Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-6664May 8, 2026 · PgBouncer integer overflow in PgBouncer network packet parsing
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
n/a PgBouncer1.24.1Vendor (CNA)
azl3 pgbouncer 1.20.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.01.24.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 pgbouncer 1.24.1-1 on Azure Linux 3.01.24.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 pgbouncer 1.16.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.01.24.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 pgbouncer 1.16.1-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.01.24.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 pgbouncer 1.24.1-1 on CBL Mariner 2.01.24.1-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:pgbouncer1.18.0-1+deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-324 · Use of a Key Past its Expiration Date

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records