NVD / CVE Program· CNA oracle

CVE-2025-21574: Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Parser).

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 26/100)

Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1.1% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 66.7% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: azl3 mysql 8.0.41-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 8.0.42-1; azl3 mysql 8.0.42-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 8.0.42-1; cbl2 mysql 8.0.41-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 8.0.42-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 mysql 8.0.41-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 8.0.42-1; azl3 mysql 8.0.42-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 8.0.42-1; cbl2 mysql 8.0.41-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 8.0.42-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Parser). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.0-8.0.41, 8.4.0-8.4.4 and 9.0.0-9.2.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

MediumCVSS 6.5 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available

Denial of service

Published: Apr 15, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 1.1% · 66th percentile
CWE: CWE-400

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Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 26 / 40 · 6.5 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 1.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · oracle: 6.5; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
oracle	mysql cluster	cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_cluster
oracle	mysql server	cpe:2.3:a:oracle:mysql_server

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

oracle mysql server8.0.0 and later · up to 8.0.41 inclusive
oracle mysql server8.4.0 and later · up to 8.4.4 inclusive
oracle mysql server9.0.0 and later · up to 9.2.0 inclusive

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (oracle). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Oracle Corporation MySQL Cluster
- 7.6.0 and later · up to and including 7.6.33affected · semver
- 8.0.0 and later · up to and including 8.0.41affected · semver
- 8.4.0 and later · up to and including 8.4.4affected · semver
- 9.0.0 and later · up to and including 9.2.0affected · semver
Oracle Corporation MySQL Server
- 8.0.0 and later · up to and including 8.0.41affected · semver
- 8.4.0 and later · up to and including 8.4.4affected · semver
- 9.0.0 and later · up to and including 9.2.0affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

+96

Same product

oracle: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2021-35590Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Cluster: General).
52Plan
CVE-2022-21490Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Cluster: General).
49Plan
CVE-2021-35592Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Cluster: General).
41Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2025-21531Jan 21, 2025 · Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: InnoDB).
19Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2025-21543Jan 21, 2025 · Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Packaging).
19Monitor
Later →CVE-2025-21575Apr 15, 2025 · Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Parser).
26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
azl3 mysql 8.0.41-1 on Azure Linux 3.0	8.0.42-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
azl3 mysql 8.0.42-1 on Azure Linux 3.0	8.0.42-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 mysql 8.0.41-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	8.0.42-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 mysql 8.0.41-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0	8.0.42-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 mysql 8.0.42-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	8.0.42-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
almalinux:mecab	0.996-3.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c.4 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mecab-devel	0.996-3.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c.4 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mecab-ipadic	2.7.0.20070801-24.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mecab-ipadic-EUCJP	2.7.0.20070801-24.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mysql	8.4.6-1.module_el9.6.0+180+a4e757e5 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mysql-common	8.4.6-1.module_el9.6.0+180+a4e757e5 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mysql-devel	8.4.6-1.module_el9.6.0+180+a4e757e5 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mysql-errmsg	8.4.6-1.module_el9.6.0+180+a4e757e5 · AlmaLinux:9	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mysql-selinux	1.0.14-1.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mysql8.4-common	8.4.6-2.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mysql8.4-errmsg	8.4.6-2.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:mysql8.4-test-data	8.4.6-2.el10_0 · AlmaLinux:10	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql-selinux	0:1.0.14-1.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-common	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-debuginfo	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-debugsource	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-devel-debuginfo	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-errmsg	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-libs	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-libs-debuginfo	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-server	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-server-debuginfo	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:mysql8.4-test-debuginfo	0:8.4.6-2.el10_0 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0	Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:mecab	0:0.996-3.module+el9.7.0+40027+0df0d4e0.4 · Rocky Linux:9	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2025-07-09

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedApr 15, 2025
First PoCJul 9, 2025+84 d
TodayNov 10, 2026+574 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2026-46863428 days apartVulnerability in the MySQL Server, MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Connection Handling).
30Monitor
CVE-2025-215750 days apartVulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Parser).
26Monitor
CVE-2024-21177273 days apartVulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer).
26Monitor
CVE-2025-5302391 days apartVulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Replication).
19Monitor
CVE-2026-60171462 days apartVulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer).
19Monitor
CVE-2025-306810 days apartVulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Replication).
10Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: none
Integrity: none
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: None
Integrity impact: None
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-400 · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

Code that parses nested structures sets no depth or size limit. A small input can turn into a disproportionate processing load.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-400 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1function expand(node) {
2  return node.children.map(expand);
3}

Fixed

1const MAX_DEPTH = 32;
2function expand(node, depth = 0) {
3  if (depth > MAX_DEPTH) throw new Error("too deep");
4  return node.children.map((c) => expand(c, depth + 1));
5}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

Endpoint Denial of ServiceT1499

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:46 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2025.html

Show all references (1 more)

security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250502-0006/

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

We use this product, ask for help

Data sources and verification

CNA: oracle

CVE.org (CNA)Nov 3, 2025, 7:35 PM UTC
CISA ADPNov 3, 2025, 7:35 PM UTC
NVDJun 17, 2026, 4:43 AM UTC
FIRST EPSSNov 9, 2026, 12:00 AM UTC
OSV / GHSANov 10, 2026, 3:18 AM UTC
MSRCOct 12, 2026, 3:23 AM UTC
PoC-in-GitHubNov 10, 2026, 3:18 AM UTC

Each line is when that source was last processed for this record.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
AlmaLinux:10	mysql-selinux	before 1.0.14-1.el10_0	1.0.14-1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10	mysql8.4-common	before 8.4.6-2.el10_0	8.4.6-2.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10	mysql8.4-errmsg	before 8.4.6-2.el10_0	8.4.6-2.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10	mysql8.4-test-data	before 8.4.6-2.el10_0	8.4.6-2.el10_0
AlmaLinux:8	mecab	before 0.996-2.module_el8.6.0+3340+d764b636	0.996-2.module_el8.6.0+3340+d764b636
AlmaLinux:8	mecab	before 0.996-2.module_el8.10.0+3965+b415b607	0.996-2.module_el8.10.0+3965+b415b607
AlmaLinux:8	mecab-devel	before 0.996-2.module_el8.10.0+3965+b415b607	0.996-2.module_el8.10.0+3965+b415b607
AlmaLinux:8	mecab-devel	before 0.996-2.module_el8.6.0+3340+d764b636	0.996-2.module_el8.6.0+3340+d764b636
AlmaLinux:8	mecab-ipadic	before 2.7.0.20070801-17.module_el8.10.0+3965+b415b607	2.7.0.20070801-17.module_el8.10.0+3965+b415b607
AlmaLinux:8	mecab-ipadic-EUCJP	before 2.7.0.20070801-17.module_el8.10.0+3965+b415b607	2.7.0.20070801-17.module_el8.10.0+3965+b415b607
AlmaLinux:8	mysql	before 8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce	8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce
AlmaLinux:8	mysql-common	before 8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce	8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce
AlmaLinux:8	mysql-devel	before 8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce	8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce
AlmaLinux:8	mysql-errmsg	before 8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce	8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce
AlmaLinux:8	mysql-libs	before 8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce	8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce
AlmaLinux:8	mysql-server	before 8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce	8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce
AlmaLinux:8	mysql-test	before 8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce	8.0.43-1.module_el8.10.0+4049+06e4dcce
AlmaLinux:9	mecab	before 0.996-3.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c.4	0.996-3.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c.4
AlmaLinux:9	mecab-devel	before 0.996-3.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c.4	0.996-3.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c.4
AlmaLinux:9	mecab-ipadic	before 2.7.0.20070801-24.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c	2.7.0.20070801-24.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c
AlmaLinux:9	mecab-ipadic-EUCJP	before 2.7.0.20070801-24.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c	2.7.0.20070801-24.module_el9.6.0+152+8cbce00c
AlmaLinux:9	mysql	before 8.4.6-1.module_el9.6.0+180+a4e757e5	8.4.6-1.module_el9.6.0+180+a4e757e5
AlmaLinux:9	mysql	before 8.0.43-1.el9_6	8.0.43-1.el9_6
AlmaLinux:9	mysql-common	before 8.4.6-1.module_el9.6.0+180+a4e757e5	8.4.6-1.module_el9.6.0+180+a4e757e5