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NVD / CVE Program· CNA oracle

CVE-2025-21518: Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer).

MediumCVSS 6.5 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 26/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 65.1% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer). Supported versions that are affected are 8.0.40 and prior, 8.4.3 and prior and 9.1.0 and prior. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Published
Jan 21, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
1.0% · 65th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

26

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
26 / 40 · 6.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 1.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · oracle
6.5
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-21518

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
oraclemysql cluster
oraclemysql server

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (oracle). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Oracle Corporation MySQL Cluster

    • up to and including 7.6.32affected
    • up to and including 8.0.40affected
    • up to and including 8.4.3affected
    • up to and including 9.1.0affected

  • Oracle Corporation MySQL Server

    • up to and including 8.0.40affected
    • up to and including 8.4.3affected
    • up to and including 9.1.0affected

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • oracle mysql server8.0.0 and later · up to 8.0.40 inclusive
  • oracle mysql server8.4.0 and later · up to 8.4.3 inclusive
  • oracle mysql server9.0.0 and later · up to 9.1.0 inclusive

Same product

oracle: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2021-35590Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Cluster: General).
    52Plan
  • CVE-2022-21490Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Cluster: General).
    49Plan
  • CVE-2021-35592Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Cluster: General).
    41Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-21860Jan 17, 2023 · Vulnerability in the MySQL Cluster product of Oracle MySQL (component: Cluster: Internal Operations).
    25Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-21177Jul 16, 2024 · Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Optimizer).
    26Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-21520Jan 21, 2025 · Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Options).
    7Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-215310 days apartVulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: InnoDB).
    19Monitor
  • CVE-2025-215430 days apartVulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Server: Packaging).
    19Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-770 · Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records