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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mozilla

CVE-2025-1935: Clickjacking the registerProtocolHandler info-bar

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 17/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.34% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: firefox (AlmaLinux:8) 128.8.0-1.el8_10; firefox (AlmaLinux:9) 128.8.0-1.el9_5; firefox-x11 (AlmaLinux:9) 128.8.0-1.el9_5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to firefox (AlmaLinux:8) 128.8.0-1.el8_10; firefox (AlmaLinux:9) 128.8.0-1.el9_5; firefox-x11 (AlmaLinux:9) 128.8.0-1.el9_5 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A web page could trick a user into setting that site as the default handler for a custom URL protocol. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 136, Firefox ESR 128.8, Thunderbird 136, and Thunderbird 128.8.

MediumCVSS 4.3 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Mar 4, 2025
Updated
Oct 5, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 27th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

17

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
17 / 40 · 4.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-1935

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
mozillafirefox
mozillathunderbird

Limit the impact of XSS

This is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. A well-configured Content-Security-Policy doesn't fix it, but greatly reduces its impact. Check your site's CSP and other security headers for free.

Check security headers

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • mozilla firefoxbefore 128.8.0
  • mozilla firefoxbefore 136.0
  • mozilla thunderbirdbefore 128.8.0
  • mozilla thunderbird129.0 and later · before 136.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mozilla). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Mozilla Firefox

    • 128.8 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
    • 136 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Mozilla Thunderbird

    • 128.8 and later · up to and including 128.*not affected · rpm
    • 136 and laternot affected · rpm

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:8firefoxbefore 128.8.0-1.el8_10128.8.0-1.el8_10
AlmaLinux:9firefoxbefore 128.8.0-1.el9_5128.8.0-1.el9_5
AlmaLinux:9firefox-x11before 128.8.0-1.el9_5128.8.0-1.el9_5
Debian:11firefox-esrbefore 128.8.0esr-1~deb11u1128.8.0esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:11thunderbirdbefore 1:128.8.0esr-1~deb11u11:128.8.0esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:12firefox-esrbefore 128.8.0esr-1~deb12u1128.8.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:12thunderbirdbefore 1:128.8.0esr-1~deb12u11:128.8.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:13firefox-esrbefore 128.8.0esr-1128.8.0esr-1
Debian:13thunderbirdbefore 1:128.8.0esr-11:128.8.0esr-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6MozillaFirefoxbefore 128.8.0-150200.152.173.1128.8.0-150200.152.173.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6MozillaThunderbirdbefore 128.8.0-150200.8.203.1128.8.0-150200.8.203.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedfirefox-esrbefore 128.8.0-1.1128.8.0-1.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedMozillaFirefoxbefore 136.0-1.1136.0-1.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedMozillaThunderbirdbefore 128.8.0-1.1128.8.0-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedmozjs128before 128.8.1-1.1128.8.1-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamfirefoxbefore 0:128.8.0-1.el8_100:128.8.0-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamfirefox-debuginfobefore 0:128.8.0-1.el8_100:128.8.0-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstreamfirefox-debugsourcebefore 0:128.8.0-1.el8_100:128.8.0-1.el8_10
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamfirefoxbefore 0:128.8.0-1.el9_50:128.8.0-1.el9_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamfirefox-debuginfobefore 0:128.8.0-1.el9_50:128.8.0-1.el9_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamfirefox-debugsourcebefore 0:128.8.0-1.el9_50:128.8.0-1.el9_5
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamfirefox-x11before 0:128.8.0-1.el9_50:128.8.0-1.el9_5
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.2::appstreamfirefoxbefore 0:128.8.0-1.el8_20:128.8.0-1.el8_2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.2::appstreamfirefox-debuginfobefore 0:128.8.0-1.el8_20:128.8.0-1.el8_2

+27

Same product

mozilla: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2010-3765Mozilla Firefox 3.5.x through 3.5.14 and 3.6.x through 3.6.11, Thunderbird 3.1.6 before 3.1.6 and 3.0.x before 3.0.10, and SeaMonkey 2.x befKEV
    94Now
  • CVE-2019-11708Insufficient vetting of parameters passed with the Prompt:Open IPC message between child and parent processes can result in the non-sandboxeKEV
    87Now
  • CVE-2015-4495The PDF reader in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0.3, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1.1, and Firefox OS before 2.2 allows remote attackers to bypassKEV
    86Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1933Mar 4, 2025 · JIT corruption of WASM i32 return values on 64-bit CPUs
    30Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1934Mar 4, 2025 · Unexpected GC during RegExp bailout processing
    26Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-1936Mar 4, 2025 · Adding %00 and a fake extension to a jar: URL changed the interpretation of the contents
    29Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:firefox128.8.0-1.el9_5 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:firefox-x11128.8.0-1.el9_5 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:firefox-esr128.8.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:thunderbird1:128.8.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:firefox-esr128.8.0-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaFirefox128.8.0-150200.152.173.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaThunderbird128.8.0-150200.8.203.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:mozjs128128.8.1-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox0:128.8.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debuginfo0:128.8.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debugsource0:128.8.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-x110:128.8.0-1.el9_5 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:firefox0:128.8.0-1.el8_10 · Rocky Linux:8Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaFirefox128.8.0-112.249.3 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaFirefox128.8.0-150200.152.173.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaThunderbird128.8.0-150200.8.203.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-10534196 days apartSpoofing issue in the Site Permissions component
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2024-4776294 days apartA file dialog shown while in full-screen mode could have resulted in the window remaining disabled.
    32Monitor
  • CVE-2024-9394154 days apartAn attacker could, via a specially crafted multipart response, execute arbitrary JavaScript under the `resource://devtools` origin.
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2024-1169498 days apartEnhanced Tracking Protection's Strict mode may have inadvertently allowed a CSP `frame-src` bypass and DOM-based XSS through the Google Safe
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2025-6430112 days apartContent-Disposition header ignored when a file is included in an embed or object tag
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2024-10461126 days apartIn multipart/x-mixed-replace responses, `Content-Disposition: attachment` in the response header was not respected and did not force a downl
    24Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-79 · Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User content is inserted into the page as HTML. The browser interprets the content as code rather than data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-79 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
commentEl.innerHTML = comment.body;

Fixed

ts
commentEl.textContent = comment.body;

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (5 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records