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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Vaadin

CVE-2025-15022: Cross-site scripting in Action caption

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 19/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.33% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: com.vaadin:vaadin (Maven) 23.6.6, 24.8.14, 24.9.7; com.vaadin:vaadin-server (Maven) 7.7.50, 8.30.0; com.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flow (Maven) 23.6.6, 24.8.14, 24.9.7.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to com.vaadin:vaadin (Maven) 23.6.6, 24.8.14, 24.9.7; com.vaadin:vaadin-server (Maven) 7.7.50, 8.30.0; com.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flow (Maven) 23.6.6, 24.8.14, 24.9.7 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Action captions in Vaadin accept HTML by default but were not sanitized, potentially allowing Cross-site Scripting (XSS) if caption content is derived from user input. In Vaadin Framework 7 and 8, the Action class is a general-purpose class that may be used by multiple components. The fixed versions sanitize captions by default and provide an API to explicitly enable HTML content mode for backwards compatibility. In Vaadin 23 and newer, the Action class is only used by the Spreadsheet component. The fixed versions sanitize HTML using Jsoup with a relaxed safelist. Vaadin 14 is not affected as Spreadsheet component was not supported. Users of affected versions should apply the following mitigation or upgrade. Releases that have fixed this issue include: Product version Vaadin 7.0.0 - 7.7.49 Vaadin 8.0.0 - 8.29.1 Vaadin 23.1.0 - 23.6.5 Vaadin 24.0.0 - 24.8.13 Vaadin 24.9.0 - 24.9.6 Mitigation Upgrade to 7.7.50 Upgrade to 8.30.0 Upgrade to 23.6.6 Upgrade to 24.8.14 or 24.9.7 Upgrade to 25.0.0 or newer Artifacts     Maven coordinatesVulnerable versionsFixed versioncom.vaadin:vaadin-server 7.0.0 - 7.7.49 ≥7.7.50 com.vaadin:vaadin-server 8.0.0 - 8.29.1 ≥8.30.0 com.vaadin:vaadin 23.1.0 - 23.6.5 ≥23.6.6 com.vaadin:vaadin24.0.0 - 24.8.13 ≥24.8.14 com.vaadin:vaadin24.9.0 - 24.9.6 ≥24.9.7 com.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flow 23.1.0 - 23.6.5 ≥23.6.6 com.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flow 24.0.0 - 24.8.13 ≥24.8.14 com.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flow 24.9.0 - 24.9.6 ≥24.9.7

MediumCVSS 4.8 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jan 5, 2026
Updated
Oct 14, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 26th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

19

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
19 / 40 · 4.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · Vaadin
4.8
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/S:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Amber

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-15022

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

—

Limit the impact of XSS

This is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. A well-configured Content-Security-Policy doesn't fix it, but greatly reduces its impact. Check your site's CSP and other security headers for free.

Check security headers

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Vaadin). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • vaadin framework

    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.7.49affected · maven
    • 8.0.0 and later · up to and including 8.29.1affected · maven

  • vaadin vaadin

    • 23.1.0 and later · up to and including 23.6.5affected · maven
    • 24.0.0 and later · up to and including 24.8.13affected · maven
    • 24.9.0 and later · up to and including 24.9.6affected · maven

  • vaadin vaadin-spreadsheet-flow

    • 23.1.0 and later · up to and including 23.6.5affected · maven
    • 24.0.0 and later · up to and including 24.8.13affected · maven
    • 24.9.0 and later · up to and including 24.9.6affected · maven

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Mavencom.vaadin:vaadinfrom 23.1.0 · before 23.6.623.6.6
Mavencom.vaadin:vaadinfrom 24.0.0 · before 24.8.1424.8.14
Mavencom.vaadin:vaadinfrom 24.9.0 · before 24.9.724.9.7
Mavencom.vaadin:vaadin-serverfrom 7.0.0 · before 7.7.507.7.50
Mavencom.vaadin:vaadin-serverfrom 8.0.0 · before 8.30.08.30.0
Mavencom.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flowfrom 23.1.0 · before 23.6.623.6.6
Mavencom.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flowfrom 24.0.0 · before 24.8.1424.8.14
Mavencom.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flowfrom 24.9.0 · before 24.9.724.9.7

Same product

vaadin: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-107588Multiple Vulnerabilities in the Highcharts Library Bundled with Vaadin Charts
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2021-31409Server session is not invalidated when logout() helper method of Authentication module is used in Vaadin 18-19
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2020-36320Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in EmailValidator class in Vaadin 7
    31Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-25500Jun 22, 2023 · Possible information disclosure in Vaadin 10.0.0 to 10.0.23, 11.0.0 to 14.10.1, 15.0.0 to 22.0.28, 23.0.0 to 23.3.13, 24.0.0 to 24.0.6, 24.1
    17Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-9467Sep 4, 2025 · Possibility to bypass file upload validation on the server-side
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2026-2741Mar 10, 2026 · Zip Slip Path Traversal on Node Unpack
    9Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Maven:com.vaadin:vaadin23.6.6Package registry (OSV)
Maven:com.vaadin:vaadin24.8.14Package registry (OSV)
Maven:com.vaadin:vaadin24.9.7Package registry (OSV)
Maven:com.vaadin:vaadin-server7.7.50Package registry (OSV)
Maven:com.vaadin:vaadin-server8.30.0Package registry (OSV)
Maven:com.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flow23.6.6Package registry (OSV)
Maven:com.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flow24.8.14Package registry (OSV)
Maven:com.vaadin:vaadin-spreadsheet-flow24.9.7Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-107588289 days apartMultiple Vulnerabilities in the Highcharts Library Bundled with Vaadin Charts
    33Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • A low-privileged account is enough.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
Low
User interaction
A
Scope
N

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-79 · Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Amber

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User content is inserted into the page as HTML. The browser interprets the content as code rather than data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-79 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
commentEl.innerHTML = comment.body;

Fixed

ts
commentEl.textContent = comment.body;

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records