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Noroxi
NVD / CVE Program· CNA curl

CVE-2025-14524: bearer token leak on cross-protocol redirect

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 21/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.68% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 52.4% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: curl curl 1a822275d333dc6da6043497160fd04c8fa48640, 8.14.2, 8.16.1; azl3 cmake 3.30.3-11 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.30.3-12; azl3 cmake 3.30.3-12 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.30.3-12.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to curl curl 1a822275d333dc6da6043497160fd04c8fa48640, 8.14.2, 8.16.1; azl3 cmake 3.30.3-11 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.30.3-12; azl3 cmake 3.30.3-12 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.30.3-12 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

When an OAuth2 bearer token is used for an HTTP(S) transfer, and that transfer performs a cross-protocol redirect to a second URL that uses an IMAP, LDAP, POP3 or SMTP scheme, curl might wrongly pass on the bearer token to the new target host.

MediumCVSS 5.3 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jan 8, 2026
Updated
Sep 15, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 52th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

21

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
21 / 40 · 5.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-14524

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
haxxcurl

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • haxx curl7.33.0 and later · before 8.18.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (curl). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • curl curl

    • 8.17.0, 8.16.0, 8.15.0, 8.14.1, 8.14.0, 8.13.0, 8.12.1, 8.12.0, 8.11.1, 8.11.0, 8.10.1, 8.10.0 … (+24)affected
    • 7.33.0 and later · before 8.14.2affected · semver
    • 8.15.0 and later · before 8.16.1affected · semver
    • 8.17.0 and later · before 8.18.0affected · semver
    • 06c1bea72faabb6fad4b7ef818aafaa336c9a7aa and later · before 1a822275d333dc6da6043497160fd04c8fa48640affected · git

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.21curlfrom 7.33.0 · before 8.14.1-r38.14.1-r3
Alpine:v3.22curlfrom 7.33.0 · before 8.14.1-r48.14.1-r4
Alpine:v3.23curlfrom 7.33.0 · before 8.18.0-r08.18.0-r0
Debian:12curlbefore 7.88.1-10+deb12u157.88.1-10+deb12u15
Debian:13curlbefore 8.14.1-2+deb13u48.14.1-2+deb13u4
Debian:14curlbefore 8.18.0~rc2-18.18.0~rc2-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6curlbefore 8.14.1-150600.4.34.18.14.1-150600.4.34.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0curlbefore 8.14.1-160000.4.18.14.1-160000.4.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedcurlbefore 8.18.0-1.18.18.0-1.1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1curlbefore 0:8.19.0-3.hum10:8.19.0-3.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1libcurlbefore 0:8.19.0-3.hum10:8.19.0-3.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1libcurl-develbefore 0:8.19.0-3.hum10:8.19.0-3.hum1
Red Hat:hummingbird:1libcurl-minimalbefore 0:8.19.0-3.hum10:8.19.0-3.hum1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2curlbefore 8.14.1-150200.4.97.18.14.1-150200.4.97.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3curlbefore 8.14.1-150400.5.77.18.14.1-150400.5.77.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7curlbefore 8.14.1-150700.7.8.18.14.1-150700.7.8.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0curlbefore 8.14.1-160000.4.18.14.1-160000.4.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0curl-minibefore 8.14.1-160000.4.18.14.1-160000.4.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server LTSS Extended Security 12 SP5curlbefore 8.0.1-11.111.18.0.1-11.111.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.0curlbefore 8.14.1-3.18.14.1-3.1
SUSE:Linux Micro 6.1curlbefore 8.14.1-slfo.1.1_4.18.14.1-slfo.1.1_4.1

Same product

haxx: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2021-22901curl 7.75.0 through 7.76.1 suffers from a use-after-free vulnerability resulting in already freed memory being used when a TLS 1.3 session t
    51Plan
  • CVE-2023-38039When curl retrieves an HTTP response, it stores the incoming headers so that they can be accessed later via the libcurl headers API.
    47Plan
  • CVE-2024-2398HTTP/2 push headers memory-leak
    45Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-13034Jan 8, 2026 · No QUIC certificate pinning with GnuTLS
    23Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-14017Jan 8, 2026 · broken TLS options for threaded LDAPS
    25Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-14819Jan 8, 2026 · OpenSSL partial chain store policy bypass
    21Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
curl curl1a822275d333dc6da6043497160fd04c8fa48640Vendor (CNA)
curl curl8.14.2Vendor (CNA)
curl curl8.16.1Vendor (CNA)
curl curl8.18.0Vendor (CNA)
azl3 cmake 3.30.3-11 on Azure Linux 3.03.30.3-12 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 cmake 3.30.3-12 on Azure Linux 3.03.30.3-12 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 cmake 3.21.4-21 on CBL Mariner 2.03.21.4-22 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
alpine:curl8.14.1-r3 · Alpine:v3.21Package registry (OSV)
alpine:curl8.18.0-r0 · Alpine:v3.23Package registry (OSV)
debian:curl7.88.1-10+deb12u15 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:curl8.14.1-150600.4.34.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:curl0:8.19.0-3.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libcurl0:8.19.0-3.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libcurl-devel0:8.19.0-3.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
red hat:libcurl-minimal0:8.19.0-3.hum1 · Red Hat:hummingbird:1Package registry (OSV)
suse:curl8.14.1-150200.4.97.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.2Package registry (OSV)
suse:curl-mini8.14.1-160000.4.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-9079176 days apartstale proxy password leak
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-8926176 days apartpassword leak with netrc and user in URL
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2026-6253125 days apartproxy credentials leak over redirect-to proxy
    23Monitor
  • CVE-2026-378362 days aparttoken leak with redirect and netrc
    21Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
none
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-522 · Insufficiently Protected Credentials

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records