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NVD / CVE Program· CNA php

CVE-2025-14178: Heap buffer overflow in array_merge()

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 32/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.45% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: PHP Group PHP 8.1.34, 8.2.30, 8.3.29; cbl2 php 8.1.33-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 8.1.34-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to PHP Group PHP 8.1.34, 8.2.30, 8.3.29; cbl2 php 8.1.33-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0 8.1.34-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In PHP versions:8.1.* before 8.1.34, 8.2.* before 8.2.30, 8.3.* before 8.3.29, 8.4.* before 8.4.16, 8.5.* before 8.5.1, a heap buffer overflow occurs in array_merge() when the total element count of packed arrays exceeds 32-bit limits or HT_MAX_SIZE, due to an integer overflow in the precomputation of element counts using zend_hash_num_elements(). This may lead to memory corruption or crashes and affect the integrity and availability of the target server.

HighCVSS 8.2 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Dec 27, 2025
Updated
Oct 13, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 39th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

32

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
32 / 40 · 8.2 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
8.2
CNA · php
6.5
1.7 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

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  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
phpphp

Using php? Add it to your stack and be the first to know about CVEs like this one. (PHP)

Watch new CVEs for php

When you'll hear from us

  • when a new CVE affecting this product is published
  • when a record in your stack enters KEV or gets exploit code

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

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Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens

  • Stack alerts: add the products and versions you run, get the new CVEs that affect them
  • Uptime monitoring: 1 site, instant email when it goes down
  • Add your domain: subdomains and takeover risk scanned every week (1 domain)
  • 10 scans an hour on the security tools (3 a day without an account), an API key and MCP
  • All your scans in one panel: findings, what changed in the last scan, a report per domain or per client (PDF, share link)
All free tools

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Free account, no card. Unfollow any time.

Don't want an account? Get "Exploited this week" by email every Monday

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • php php8.1.0 and later · before 8.1.34
  • php php8.2.0 and later · before 8.2.30
  • php php8.3.0 and later · before 8.3.29
  • php php8.4.0 and later · before 8.4.16
  • php php8.5.0 and later · before 8.5.1

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (php). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • PHP Group PHP

    • 8.1.* and later · before 8.1.34affected · semver
    • 8.2.* and later · before 8.2.30affected · semver
    • 8.3.* and later · before 8.3.29affected · semver
    • 8.4.* and later · before 8.4.16affected · semver
    • 8.5.* and later · before 8.5.1affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10phpbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-bcmathbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-clibefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-commonbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-dbabefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-dbgbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-develbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-embeddedbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-enchantbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-ffibefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-fpmbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-gdbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-gmpbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-intlbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-ldapbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-mbstringbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-mysqlndbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-odbcbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-opcachebefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-pdobefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-pgsqlbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-processbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-snmpbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1
AlmaLinux:10php-soapbefore 8.3.29-1.el10_18.3.29-1.el10_1

+96

Same product

php: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2024-4577Argument Injection in PHP-CGIKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2019-11043Underflow in PHP-FPM can lead to RCEKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2012-1823sapi/cgi/cgi_main.c in PHP before 5.3.12 and 5.4.x before 5.4.2, when configured as a CGI script (aka php-cgi), does not properly handle queKEV
    99Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1735Jul 13, 2025 · pgsql extension does not check for errors during escaping
    30Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-14177Dec 27, 2025 · Information Leak of Memory in getimagesize
    25Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-14180Dec 27, 2025 · NULL Pointer Dereference in PDO quoting
    32Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
PHP Group PHP8.1.34Vendor (CNA)
PHP Group PHP8.2.30Vendor (CNA)
PHP Group PHP8.3.29Vendor (CNA)
PHP Group PHP8.4.16Vendor (CNA)
PHP Group PHP8.5.1Vendor (CNA)
cbl2 php 8.1.33-1 on CBL Mariner 2.08.1.34-1 · CBL-Mariner ReleasesMicrosoft (MSRC)
almalinux:apcu-panel5.1.23-1.module_el9.4.0+65+49ff6472 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-bcmath8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-cli8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-common8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-dba8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-dbg8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-devel8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-embedded8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-enchant8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-ffi8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:php-fpm8.2.30-1.module_el9.7.0+205+fe410f10 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
alpine:php818.1.34-r0 · Alpine:v3.19Package registry (OSV)
alpine:php828.2.30-r0 · Alpine:v3.22Package registry (OSV)
alpine:php838.3.29-r0 · Alpine:v3.22Package registry (OSV)
alpine:php848.4.16-r0 · Alpine:v3.22Package registry (OSV)
alpine:php858.5.1-r0 · Alpine:v3.23Package registry (OSV)
debian:php7.47.4.33-1+deb11u10 · Debian:11Package registry (OSV)
debian:php8.28.2.30-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:php8.48.4.16-1~deb13u1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:apache2-mod_php77.4.33-150400.4.55.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:apache2-mod_php88.2.30-150600.3.25.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:php77.4.33-150400.4.55.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:php7-embed7.4.33-150400.4.55.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)

+41

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-14181272 days apartInteger overflow to buffer overflow in soap HTTP parsing
    26Monitor
  • CVE-2026-6103272 days apartPhar TAR phar_tar_number() Integer Overflow - Archive Entry Injection
    13Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-190 · Integer Overflow or Wraparound

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records