CVE-2025-12084: Quadratic complexity in node ID cache clearing
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 25/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.85% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 58.7% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- Fixed version: Python Software Foundation CPython 3.10.20, 3.11.15, 3.12.13; azl3 python3 3.12.9-6 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.12.9-7; azl3 python3 3.12.9-7 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.12.9-7.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to Python Software Foundation CPython 3.10.20, 3.11.15, 3.12.13; azl3 python3 3.12.9-6 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.12.9-7; azl3 python3 3.12.9-7 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.12.9-7 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
When building nested elements using xml.dom.minidom methods such as appendChild() that have a dependency on _clear_id_cache() the algorithm is quadratic. Availability can be impacted when building excessively nested documents.
- BDU:2026-01344
- ALSA-2026:0123
- ALSA-2026:1374
- ALSA-2026:1408
- ALSA-2026:1410
- ALSA-2026:1478
- ALSA-2026:1631
- ALSA-2026:1828
- DLA-4445-1
- DLA-4455-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15839-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15840-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15846-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15849-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15850-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15851-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:10011-1
- openSUSE-SU-2026:20081-1
- RHSA-2026:0123
- RHSA-2026:1374
- Published
- Dec 3, 2025
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.8% · 58th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-407
Report tools
Action score
25
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 25 / 40 · 6.3 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.8%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- —
- CNA · PSF
- 6.3
- NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
Is your version affected? Check itNoroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| python | python | cpe:2.3:a:python:python |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- python pythonbefore 3.13.11
- python python3.14.0 and later · before 3.14.2
- python python3.15.0
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (PSF). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Python Software Foundation CPython
- before 3.10.20affected · python
- 3.11.0 and later · before 3.11.15affected · python
- 3.12.0 and later · before 3.12.13affected · python
- 3.13.0 and later · before 3.13.11affected · python
- 3.14.0 and later · before 3.14.2affected · python
- 3.15.0a1 and later · before 3.15.0a3affected · python
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:10 | python-unversioned-command | before 3.12.12-3.el10_1 | 3.12.12-3.el10_1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | platform-python | before 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 | 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | platform-python-debug | before 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 | 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | platform-python-devel | before 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 | 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3-idle | before 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 | 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3-libs | before 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 | 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3-test | before 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 | 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3-tkinter | before 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 | 3.6.8-72.el8_10.alma.1 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.11 | before 3.11.13-4.el8_10 | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.11-debug | before 3.11.13-4.el8_10 | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.11-devel | before 3.11.13-4.el8_10 | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.11-idle | before 3.11.13-4.el8_10 | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.11-libs | before 3.11.13-4.el8_10 | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.11-rpm-macros | before 3.11.13-4.el8_10 | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.11-test | before 3.11.13-4.el8_10 | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.11-tkinter | before 3.11.13-4.el8_10 | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.12 | before 3.12.12-1.el8_10 | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.12-debug | before 3.12.12-1.el8_10 | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.12-devel | before 3.12.12-1.el8_10 | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.12-idle | before 3.12.12-1.el8_10 | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.12-libs | before 3.12.12-1.el8_10 | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.12-rpm-macros | before 3.12.12-1.el8_10 | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.12-test | before 3.12.12-1.el8_10 | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | python3.12-tkinter | before 3.12.12-1.el8_10 | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 |
+96
Same product
python: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2016-5636Integer overflow in the get_data function in zipimport.c in CPython (aka Python) before 2.7.12, 3.x before 3.4.5, and 3.5.x before 3.5.2…47Plan
- CVE-2007-4559Directory traversal vulnerability in the (1) extract and (2) extractall functions in the tarfile module in Python allows user-assisted…47Plan
- CVE-2021-3177Python 3.x through 3.9.1 has a buffer overflow in PyCArg_repr in _ctypes/callproc.c, which may lead to remote code execution in certain…46Plan
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-13836Dec 1, 2025 · Excessive read buffering DoS in http.client26Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2025-13837Dec 1, 2025 · Out-of-memory when loading Plist8Monitor
- Later →CVE-2025-12781Jan 21, 2026 · base64.b64decode() always accepts "+/" characters, despite setting altchars25Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Python Software Foundation CPython | 3.10.20 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Python Software Foundation CPython | 3.11.15 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Python Software Foundation CPython | 3.12.13 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Python Software Foundation CPython | 3.13.11 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Python Software Foundation CPython | 3.14.2 | Vendor (CNA) |
| Python Software Foundation CPython | 3.15.0a3 | Vendor (CNA) |
| azl3 python3 3.12.9-6 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 3.12.9-7 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| azl3 python3 3.12.9-7 on Azure Linux 3.0 | 3.12.9-7 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| cbl2 python3 3.9.19-18 on CBL Mariner 2.0 | 3.9.19-19 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| cbl2 python3 3.9.19-19 on CBL Mariner 2.0 | 3.9.19-19 · CBL-Mariner Releases | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| almalinux:python3.11 | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.11-debug | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.11-devel | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.11-idle | 3.11.13-4.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.12 | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.12-debug | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.12-devel | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.12-idle | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.12-libs | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.12-rpm-macros | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.12-test | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:python3.12-tkinter | 3.12.12-1.el8_10 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:pypy3 | 7.3.21+dfsg-1 · Debian:14 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:python3.11 | 3.11.2-6+deb12u7 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:python3.13 | 3.13.5-2+deb13u1 · Debian:13 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:python3.14 | 3.14.2-1 · Debian:14 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:python3.9 | 3.9.2-1+deb11u4 · Debian:11 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:python3 | 3.6.15-150300.10.103.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:python3-core | 3.6.15-150300.10.103.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:python3-documentation | 3.6.15-150300.10.103.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6 | Package registry (OSV) |
+38
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
- python/cpythoncommit 027f21e
- python/cpythoncommit 08d8e18
- python/cpythoncommit 27648a1
- python/cpythoncommit 41f4687
- python/cpythoncommit 57937a8
- python/cpythoncommit 8d2d7bb
- python/cpythoncommit 9c9dda6
- python/cpythoncommit a46c10e
- python/cpythoncommit a696ba8
- python/cpythoncommit c97e875
- python/cpythoncommit ddcd2ac
- python/cpythoncommit e91c114
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
- Jacob Wallsreporter
- Shai Bergerreporter
- Natalia Bidartreporter
- Seth Larsoncoordinator
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- Integrity
- Availability
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- X
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-407 · Inefficient Algorithmic ComplexityCVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
nvd-secondary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (13 more)Show less
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/08d8e18ad81cd45bc4a27d6da478b51ea49486e4
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/27648a1818749ef44c420afe6173af6868715437
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/41f468786762348960486c166833a218a0a436af
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/57937a8e5e293f0dcba5115f7b7a11b1e0c9a273
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/8d2d7bb2e754f8649a68ce4116271a4932f76907
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/9c9dda6625a2a90d2a06c657eee021d6be19842d
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/a46c10ec9d4050ab67b8a932e0859a2ea60c3cb8
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/a696ba8b4d42fd632afc9bc88ad830a2e4cceed8
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/c97e87593063d84a2bd9fe7068b30eb44de23dc0
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/ddcd2acd85d891a53e281c773b3093f9db953964
- github.com/python/cpython/commit/e91c11449cad34bac3ea55ee09ca557691d92b53
- github.com/python/cpython/issues/142145
- github.com/python/cpython/pull/142146
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.