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NVD / CVE Program· CNA VulDB

CVE-2025-1152: GNU Binutils ld xstrdup.c xstrdup memory leak

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 9/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.61% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: azl3 annobin 12.49-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes; azl3 binutils 2.41-13 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes; azl3 crash 9.0.0-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 annobin 12.49-2 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes; azl3 binutils 2.41-13 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes; azl3 crash 9.0.0-3 on Azure Linux 3.0 Release Notes or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in GNU Binutils 2.43. Affected is the function xstrdup of the file xstrdup.c of the component ld. The manipulation leads to memory leak. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. It is recommended to apply a patch to fix this issue. The code maintainer explains: "I'm not going to commit some of the leak fixes I've been working on to the 2.44 branch due to concern that would destabilise ld. All of the reported leaks in this bugzilla have been fixed on binutils master."

LowCVSS 2.3 · v4.0—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 10, 2025
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 49th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

9

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
9 / 40 · 2.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
—
CNA · VulDB
2.3
NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-1152

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
gnubinutils

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • gnu binutils2.43

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (VulDB). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • GNU Binutils

    • 2.43affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12binutilsfrom 0—
Debian:14binutilsbefore 2.45-32.45-3
openSUSE:Leap 15.6binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-aarch64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-arm-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-avr-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-bpf-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-epiphany-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-hppa-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-hppa64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-i386-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ia64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-m68k-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-mips-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ppc-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ppc64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-ppc64le-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-pru-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-riscv64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-rx-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-s390-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-s390x-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-sparc-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6cross-sparc64-binutilsbefore 2.45-150100.7.57.12.45-150100.7.57.1

+46

Same product

gnu: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-12699finish_stab in stabs.c in GNU Binutils 2.30 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (heap-based buffer overflow) or possibly have unsp
    40Plan
  • CVE-2017-7614elflink.c in the Binary File Descriptor (BFD) library (aka libbfd), as distributed in GNU Binutils 2.28, has a "member access within null po
    40Plan
  • CVE-2014-9939ihex.c in GNU Binutils before 2.26 contains a stack buffer overflow when printing bad bytes in Intel Hex objects.
    40Plan

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1150Feb 10, 2025 · GNU Binutils ld libbfd.c bfd_malloc memory leak
    9Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-1151Feb 10, 2025 · GNU Binutils ld xmemdup.c xmemdup memory leak
    9Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-1153Feb 10, 2025 · GNU Binutils format.c bfd_set_format memory corruption
    9Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
azl3 annobin 12.49-2 on Azure Linux 3.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 binutils 2.41-13 on Azure Linux 3.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 crash 9.0.0-3 on Azure Linux 3.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
azl3 gdb 13.2-10 on Azure Linux 3.0—Microsoft (MSRC)
azl3 gdb 13.2-11 on Azure Linux 3.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 binutils 2.37-20 on CBL-Mariner 2.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 crash 8.0.1-5 on CBL-Mariner 2.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 gcc 11.2.0-9 on CBL-Mariner 2.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
cbl2 gdb 11.2-10 on CBL-Mariner 2.0Release NotesMicrosoft (MSRC)
debian:binutils2.45-3 · Debian:14Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-aarch64-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-arm-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-avr-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-bpf-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-epiphany-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-hppa-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-hppa64-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-i386-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-ia64-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-m68k-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-mips-binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
suse:binutils2.45-150100.7.57.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:binutils2.45-160000.1.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:bpftool7.5.0-160000.2.3 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 16.0Package registry (OSV)
suse:openucx1.15.0-150600.3.5.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:perf6.4.0.git33229.a3afe13a7f-150600.3.17.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2020-19724538 days apartA memory consumption issue in get_data function in binutils/nm.c in GNU nm before 2.34 allows attackers to cause a denial of service via cra
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2020-21490538 days apartAn issue was discovered in GNU Binutils 2.34.
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2022-47007538 days apartAn issue was discovered function stab_demangle_v3_arg in stabs.c in Binutils 2.34 thru 2.38, allows attackers to cause a denial of service d
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2022-47008538 days apartAn issue was discovered function make_tempdir, and make_tempname in bucomm.c in Binutils 2.34 thru 2.38, allows attackers to cause a denial
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2022-47010538 days apartAn issue was discovered function pr_function_type in prdbg.c in Binutils 2.34 thru 2.38, allows attackers to cause a denial of service due t
    22Monitor
  • CVE-2022-48065538 days apartGNU Binutils before 2.40 was discovered to contain a memory leak vulnerability var the function find_abstract_instance in dwarf2.c.
    22Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
Integrity
Availability
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
P
Scope
X

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-401 · Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime

CVSS vector

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records