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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mozilla

CVE-2025-10528: Sandbox escape due to undefined behavior, invalid pointer in the Graphics: Canvas2D component

HighCVSS 7.3 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 29/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.37% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: firefox (AlmaLinux:10) 140.3.0-1.el10_0; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:10) 140.3.0-1.el10_0.alma.1; firefox (AlmaLinux:8) 140.3.0-1.el8_10.alma.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to firefox (AlmaLinux:10) 140.3.0-1.el10_0; thunderbird (AlmaLinux:10) 140.3.0-1.el10_0.alma.1; firefox (AlmaLinux:8) 140.3.0-1.el8_10.alma.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Sandbox escape due to undefined behavior, invalid pointer in the Graphics: Canvas2D component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 143, Firefox ESR 140.3, Thunderbird 143, and Thunderbird 140.3.

Published
Sep 16, 2025
Updated
Oct 23, 2026
EPSS
0.3% · 31th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

29

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
29 / 40 · 7.3 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2025-10528

When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
mozillafirefox
mozillathunderbird

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (mozilla). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Mozilla Firefox

    • 140.3 and later · up to and including 140.*not affected · rpm
    • 143 and laternot affected · rpm

  • Mozilla Thunderbird

    • 140.3 and later · up to and including 140.*not affected · rpm
    • 143 and laternot affected · rpm
Affected versions · NVD (4)

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • mozilla firefoxbefore 140.3.0
  • mozilla firefoxbefore 143.0
  • mozilla thunderbirdbefore 140.3.0
  • mozilla thunderbird141.0 and later · before 143.0

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
AlmaLinux:10firefoxbefore 140.3.0-1.el10_0140.3.0-1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10thunderbirdbefore 140.3.0-1.el10_0.alma.1140.3.0-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:8firefoxbefore 140.3.0-1.el8_10.alma.1140.3.0-1.el8_10.alma.1
AlmaLinux:8thunderbirdbefore 140.3.0-1.el8_10.alma.1140.3.0-1.el8_10.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9firefoxbefore 140.3.0-1.el9_6.alma.1140.3.0-1.el9_6.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9firefox-x11before 140.3.0-1.el9_6.alma.1140.3.0-1.el9_6.alma.1
AlmaLinux:9thunderbirdbefore 140.3.0-1.el9_6.alma.1140.3.0-1.el9_6.alma.1
Debian:11firefox-esrbefore 140.3.0esr-1~deb11u2140.3.0esr-1~deb11u2
Debian:11thunderbirdbefore 1:140.3.0esr-1~deb11u11:140.3.0esr-1~deb11u1
Debian:12firefox-esrbefore 140.3.0esr-1~deb12u1140.3.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:12thunderbirdbefore 1:140.3.0esr-1~deb12u11:140.3.0esr-1~deb12u1
Debian:13firefox-esrbefore 140.3.0esr-1~deb13u1140.3.0esr-1~deb13u1
Debian:13thunderbirdbefore 1:140.3.0esr-1~deb13u11:140.3.0esr-1~deb13u1
Debian:14firefox-esrbefore 140.3.0esr-1140.3.0esr-1
Debian:14thunderbirdbefore 1:140.3.0esr-11:140.3.0esr-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6MozillaFirefoxbefore 140.3.0-150200.152.201.1140.3.0-150200.152.201.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6MozillaThunderbirdbefore 140.3.0-150200.8.239.1140.3.0-150200.8.239.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0MozillaFirefoxbefore 140.5.0-160000.1.1140.5.0-160000.1.1
openSUSE:Leap 16.0MozillaThunderbirdbefore 140.3.0-bp160.1.1140.3.0-bp160.1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedfirefox-esrbefore 140.3.0-1.1140.3.0-1.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedMozillaFirefoxbefore 143.0-1.1143.0-1.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedMozillaThunderbirdbefore 140.3.0-1.1140.3.0-1.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0firefoxbefore 0:140.3.0-1.el10_00:140.3.0-1.el10_0
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:10.0firefox-debuginfobefore 0:140.3.0-1.el10_00:140.3.0-1.el10_0

+73

Same product

mozilla: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2010-3765Mozilla Firefox 3.5.x through 3.5.14 and 3.6.x through 3.6.11, Thunderbird 3.1.6 before 3.1.6 and 3.0.x before 3.0.10, and SeaMonkey 2.x…KEV
    94Now
  • CVE-2019-11708Insufficient vetting of parameters passed with the Prompt:Open IPC message between child and parent processes can result in the…KEV
    87Now
  • CVE-2015-4495The PDF reader in Mozilla Firefox before 39.0.3, Firefox ESR 38.x before 38.1.1, and Firefox OS before 2.2 allows remote attackers to…KEV
    86Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-9187Aug 19, 2025 · Memory safety bugs fixed in Firefox 142 and Thunderbird 142
    39Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2025-10527Sep 16, 2025 · Sandbox escape due to use-after-free in the Graphics: Canvas2D component
    28Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2025-10529Sep 16, 2025 · Same-origin policy bypass in the Layout component
    26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
almalinux:firefox140.3.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:firefox-x11140.3.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:thunderbird140.3.0-1.el9_6.alma.1 · AlmaLinux:9Package registry (OSV)
debian:firefox-esr140.3.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:thunderbird1:140.3.0esr-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:firefox-esr140.3.0-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaFirefox140.3.0-150200.152.201.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:MozillaThunderbird140.3.0-150200.8.239.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox0:140.3.0-1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debuginfo0:140.3.0-1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-debugsource0:140.3.0-1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:firefox-x110:140.3.0-1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird0:140.3.0-1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debuginfo0:140.3.0-1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
red hat:thunderbird-debugsource0:140.3.0-1.el9_6 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstreamPackage registry (OSV)
rocky linux:firefox0:140.3.0-1.el9_6 · Rocky Linux:9Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:thunderbird0:140.3.0-1.el9_6 · Rocky Linux:9Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaFirefox140.3.0-112.279.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5-LTSSPackage registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaFirefox140.3.0-150200.152.201.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)
suse:MozillaThunderbird140.3.0-150200.8.239.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2026-2761161 days apartSandbox escape in the Graphics: WebRender component
    40Plan
  • CVE-2026-75874336 days apartSandbox escape in the Remote Settings Client component
    40Plan
  • CVE-2025-5414328 days apartSandboxed iframes could allow local downloads despite sandbox restrictions
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-8401238 days apartSandbox escape in the Profile Backup component
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-16377308 days apartMitigation bypass in the PDF Viewer component
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2026-16382308 days apartMitigation bypass in the DOM: Service Workers component
    39Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
low · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
Low

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-693 · Protection Mechanism Failure

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

nvd-secondary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

References

Show all references (6 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records