NVD / CVE Program· CNA Go

CVE-2024-45341: Usage of IPv6 zone IDs can bypass URI name constraints in crypto/x509

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 24/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.52% (FIRST EPSS).
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: Go standard library crypto/x509 1.22.11, 1.23.5, 1.24.0-rc.2; cbl2 golang 1.18.8-5 on CBL Mariner 2.0 1.18.8-5; cbl2 golang 1.18.8-7 on CBL Mariner 2.0 1.18.8-5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Go standard library crypto/x509 1.22.11, 1.23.5, 1.24.0-rc.2; cbl2 golang 1.18.8-5 on CBL Mariner 2.0 1.18.8-5; cbl2 golang 1.18.8-7 on CBL Mariner 2.0 1.18.8-5 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A certificate with a URI which has a IPv6 address with a zone ID may incorrectly satisfy a URI name constraint that applies to the certificate chain. Certificates containing URIs are not permitted in the web PKI, so this only affects users of private PKIs which make use of URIs.

MediumCVSS 6.1 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Published: Jan 27, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 0.5% · 43th percentile
CWE: CWE-295

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 24 / 40 · 6.1 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

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—

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Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Go). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Go standard library crypto/x509
- before 1.22.11affected · semver
- 1.23.0-0 and later · before 1.23.5affected · semver
- 1.24.0-0 and later · before 1.24.0-rc.2affected · semver

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
AlmaLinux:10	delve	before 1.24.1-1.el10_0	1.24.1-1.el10_0
AlmaLinux:10	go-toolset	before 1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1	1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:10	golang	before 1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1	1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:10	golang-bin	before 1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1	1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:10	golang-docs	before 1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1	1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:10	golang-misc	before 1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1	1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:10	golang-src	before 1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1	1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:10	golang-tests	before 1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1	1.23.7-1.el10_0.alma.1
AlmaLinux:8	delve	before 1.24.1-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26	1.24.1-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26
AlmaLinux:8	go-toolset	before 1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26
AlmaLinux:8	golang	before 1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26
AlmaLinux:8	golang-bin	before 1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26
AlmaLinux:8	golang-docs	before 1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26
AlmaLinux:8	golang-misc	before 1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26
AlmaLinux:8	golang-src	before 1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26
AlmaLinux:8	golang-tests	before 1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26
Debian:12	golang-1.19	from 0	—
Debian:13	golang-1.24	before 1.24~rc2-1	1.24~rc2-1
Go	stdlib	from 1.23.0-0 · before 1.23.5	1.23.5
Go	stdlib	from 1.24.0-0 · before 1.24.0-rc.2	1.24.0-rc.2
Go	stdlib	before 1.22.11	1.22.11
openSUSE:Leap 15.6	go1.22	before 1.22.11-150000.1.39.1	1.22.11-150000.1.39.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6	go1.23	before 1.23.5-150000.1.18.1	1.23.5-150000.1.18.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.6	go1.23-openssl	before 1.23.12-150600.13.9.1	1.23.12-150600.13.9.1

+58

Same product

go standard library: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2025-22874Usage of ExtKeyUsageAny disables policy validation in crypto/x509
30Monitor
CVE-2025-22865ParsePKCS1PrivateKey panic with partial keys in crypto/x509
30Monitor
CVE-2026-27145Inefficient candidate hostname parsing in crypto/x509
26Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2024-24783Mar 5, 2024 · Verify panics on certificates with an unknown public key algorithm in crypto/x509
23Monitor
Later →CVE-2026-111943Oct 21, 2026 · Distrust compromised intermediate certificates in crypto/x509
0Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
Go standard library crypto/x509	1.22.11	Vendor (CNA)
Go standard library crypto/x509	1.23.5	Vendor (CNA)
Go standard library crypto/x509	1.24.0-rc.2	Vendor (CNA)
azl3 golang 1.27.0-1 on Azure Linux 3.0	—	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 golang 1.18.8-5 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.18.8-5 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 golang 1.18.8-7 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.18.8-5 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 golang 1.18.8-7 on CBL-Mariner 2.0	1.18.8-5 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 golang 1.22.7-2 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.22.7-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 golang 1.22.7-3 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.22.7-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 golang 1.22.7-3 on CBL-Mariner 2.0	1.22.7-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 msft-golang 1.23.3-2 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.23.3-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 msft-golang 1.24.1-3 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.23.3-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 msft-golang 1.24.11-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.23.3-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 msft-golang 1.24.12-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.23.3-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 msft-golang 1.24.13-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.23.3-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 msft-golang 1.24.13-1 on CBL-Mariner 2.0	1.23.3-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 msft-golang 1.24.5-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.23.3-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 msft-golang 1.24.8-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.23.3-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 msft-golang 1.24.9-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	1.23.3-2 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
almalinux:delve	1.24.1-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:go-toolset	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:golang	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:golang-bin	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:golang-docs	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:golang-misc	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:golang-src	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:golang-tests	1.23.6-1.module_el8.10.0+3977+66935a26 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
debian:golang-1.24	1.24~rc2-1 · Debian:13	Package registry (OSV)
Go:stdlib	1.22.11	Package registry (OSV)
Go:stdlib	1.23.5	Package registry (OSV)

+29

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Juho ForsénMattermost

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2025-22874135 days apartUsage of ExtKeyUsageAny disables policy validation in crypto/x509
30Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
A user must open a link or visit a page.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: low · data can be read
Integrity: low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: none

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: Required
Scope: Changed
Confidentiality impact: Low
Integrity impact: Low
Availability impact: None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-295 · Improper Certificate Validation

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-secondary

Root cause

A certificate validation error is silently swallowed instead of terminating the connection. Often, code added for a test environment makes its way into production.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-295 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

kotlin

1override fun checkServerTrusted(chain: Array<X509Certificate>, type: String) {
2  // Left empty for the test environment
3}

Fixed

kotlin

1val client = OkHttpClient.Builder()
2  .certificatePinner(
3    CertificatePinner.Builder()
4      .add("api.sirius.example", "sha256/…")
5      .build()
6  ).build()

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:10 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

go.dev/cl/643099

Show all references (5 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records