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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2024-41953: Zitadel improperly sanitizes HTML in emails and Console UI

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 24/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.65% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 51.3% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: zitadel zitadel 2.58.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to zitadel zitadel 2.58.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Zitadel is an open source identity management system. ZITADEL uses HTML for emails and renders certain information such as usernames dynamically. That information can be entered by users or administrators. Due to a missing output sanitization, these emails could include malicious code. This may potentially lead to a threat where an attacker, without privileges, could send out altered notifications that are part of the registration processes. An attacker could create a malicious link, where the injected code would be rendered as part of the email. On the user's detail page, the username was also not sanitized and would also render HTML, giving an attacker the same vulnerability. While it was possible to inject HTML including javascript, the execution of such scripts would be prevented by most email clients and the Content Security Policy in Console UI. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.58.1, 2.57.1, 2.56.2, 2.55.5, 2.54.8 2.53.9, and 2.52.3.

MediumCVSS 6.1 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Jul 31, 2024
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 51th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

24

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
24 / 40 · 6.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
6.1
CNA · GitHub_M
4.3
1.8 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
zitadelzitadel

Limit the impact of XSS

This is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. A well-configured Content-Security-Policy doesn't fix it, but greatly reduces its impact. Check your site's CSP and other security headers for free.

Check security headers

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • zitadel zitadel2.52.0 and later · before 2.52.3
  • zitadel zitadel2.53.0 and later · before 2.53.9
  • zitadel zitadel2.54.0 and later · before 2.54.8
  • zitadel zitadel2.55.0 and later · before 2.55.5
  • zitadel zitadel2.56.0 and later · before 2.56.2
  • zitadel zitadel2.57.0
  • zitadel zitadel2.58.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • zitadel zitadel

    • >= 2.52.0, < 2.52.3, >= 2.53.0, < 2.53.9, >= 2.54.0, < 2.54.8, >= 2.55.0, < 2.55.5, >= 2.56.0, < 2.56.2, >= 2.57.0, < 2.57.1, >= 2.58.0, < 2.58.1affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelfrom 0—
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelfrom 0.0.0 · before 1.80.0-v2.20.0.20240731122110-189505c80fa61.80.0-v2.20.0.20240731122110-189505c80fa6
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelfrom 1.80.1 · before 2.52.32.52.3
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelfrom 2.53.0 · before 2.53.92.53.9
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelfrom 2.54.0 · before 2.54.82.54.8
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelfrom 2.55.0 · before 2.55.52.55.5
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelfrom 2.56.0 · before 2.56.22.56.2
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelfrom 2.57.0 · before 2.57.12.57.1
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelfrom 2.58.0 · before 2.58.12.58.1
Gogithub.com/zitadel/zitadelbefore 0.0.0-20240731122110-189505c80fa60.0.0-20240731122110-189505c80fa6

Same product

zitadel: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-109372ZITADEL 3.0.0 before 4.19.2 Account Takeover via SAML Identity-Provider Confusion
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-105215ZITADEL before 4.16.2 Account Pre-Hijacking via Forged External IdP Callback
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-105209ZITADEL before 3.4.15 and 4.17.1 Cross-Organization Account Takeover via Passkey Enrollment
    37Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-39683Jul 3, 2024 · ZITADEL Vulnerable to Session Information Leakage
    26Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-41952Jul 31, 2024 · Zitadel has an "Ignoring unknown usernames" vulnerability
    21Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2024-46999Sep 19, 2024 · User Grant Deactivation not Working in Zitadel
    26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
zitadel zitadel2.58.1 · descriptionVendor (CNA)
Go:github.com/zitadel/zitadel0.0.0-20240731122110-189505c80fa6Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/zitadel/zitadel1.80.0-v2.20.0.20240731122110-189505c80fa6Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/zitadel/zitadel2.52.3Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/zitadel/zitadel2.53.9Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/zitadel/zitadel2.54.8Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/zitadel/zitadel2.55.5Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/zitadel/zitadel2.56.2Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/zitadel/zitadel2.57.1Package registry (OSV)
Go:github.com/zitadel/zitadel2.58.1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-67495496 days apartZITADEL Vulnerable to Account Takeover via DOM-Based XSS in Zitadel V2 Login
    24Monitor
  • CVE-2023-46238279 days apartXSS with User Avatar image in ZITADEL
    21Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-79 · Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

User content is inserted into the page as HTML. The browser interprets the content as code rather than data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-79 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
commentEl.innerHTML = comment.body;

Fixed

ts
commentEl.textContent = comment.body;

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (14 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records