NVD / CVE Program· CNA Zyxel

CVE-2024-40891: UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the management commands of the legacy DSL CPE Zyxel…

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 72/100)

CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Feb 11, 2025). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Mar 4, 2025.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 22.8% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 97.7% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Until a fix is released, restrict access to the affected component and follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

**UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED** A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the management commands of the legacy DSL CPE Zyxel VMG4325-B10A firmware version 1.00(AAFR.4)C0_20170615 could allow an authenticated attacker to execute operating system (OS) commands on an affected device via Telnet.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1KEVWeaponized No fix recorded

BDU:2025-00886

Published: Feb 4, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 22.8% · 97th percentile
CWE: CWE-78

Report tools

JSON

Action score

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS: 35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS: 7 / 30 · 22.8%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: active
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · Zyxel: 8.8; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Feb 11, 2025. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Mar 4, 2025.

Get told when this record changes

In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
Weaponized exploit exists
No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

We use this product, ask for help

Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
zyxel	vmg1312-b10a firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg1312-b10a_firmware
zyxel	vmg1312-b10a	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg1312-b10a
zyxel	vmg1312-b10b firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg1312-b10b_firmware
zyxel	vmg1312-b10b	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg1312-b10b
zyxel	vmg1312-b10e firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg1312-b10e_firmware
zyxel	vmg1312-b10e	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg1312-b10e
zyxel	vmg3312-b10a firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg3312-b10a_firmware
zyxel	vmg3312-b10a	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg3312-b10a
zyxel	vmg3313-b10a firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg3313-b10a_firmware
zyxel	vmg3313-b10a	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg3313-b10a
zyxel	vmg3926-b10b firmware	cpe:2.3:o:zyxel:vmg3926-b10b_firmware
zyxel	vmg3926-b10b	cpe:2.3:h:zyxel:vmg3926-b10b

and 15 more

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

zyxel sbg3300-n000 firmwareall versions
zyxel sbg3300-nb00 firmwareall versions
zyxel sbg3500-n000 firmwareall versions
zyxel sbg3500-nb00 firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg1312-b10a firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg1312-b10b firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg1312-b10e firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg3312-b10a firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg3313-b10a firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg3926-b10b firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg4325-b10a firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg4380-b10a firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg8324-b10a firmwareall versions
zyxel vmg8924-b10a firmwareall versions

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Zyxel). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Zyxel VMG4325-B10A firmware
- <= 1.00(AAFR.4)C0_20170615affected

Same product

zyxel: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2024-40890**UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED** A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the CGI program of the legacy DSL CPE Zyxel…KEV
71This week

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×2

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2026-08-13
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2026-10-30

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedFeb 4, 2025
CISA KEVFeb 11, 2025+7 d
First PoCAug 13, 2026+555 d
TodayNov 11, 2026+645 d

EPSS, last 120 days+1% in 7 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2024-408900 days apart**UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED** A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the CGI program of the legacy DSL CPE Zyxel…KEV
71This week

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-secondary

Root cause

User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-78 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const host = req.body.host;
2exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);

Fixed

1const host = req.body.host;
2if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);
3execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-command-injection-and-insecure-default-credentials-vulnerabilities-in-certain-legacy-dsl-cpe-02-04-2025

Show all references (1 more)

www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-40891

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records

CVE-2024-40891: **UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED** A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the management commands of the legacy DSL CPE Zyxel…