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NVD / CVE Program· CNA @huntr_ai

CVE-2024-3568: Arbitrary Code Execution via Deserialization in huggingface/transformers

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 39/100)

  • Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 81.4% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: transformers (PyPI) 4.38.0.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 3.4, NVD 9.6.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to transformers (PyPI) 4.38.0 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

The huggingface/transformers library is vulnerable to arbitrary code execution through deserialization of untrusted data within the `load_repo_checkpoint()` function of the `TFPreTrainedModel()` class. Attackers can execute arbitrary code and commands by crafting a malicious serialized payload, exploiting the use of `pickle.load()` on data from potentially untrusted sources. This vulnerability allows for remote code execution (RCE) by deceiving victims into loading a seemingly harmless checkpoint during a normal training process, thereby enabling attackers to execute arbitrary code on the targeted machine.

CriticalCVSS 9.6 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available
Published
Apr 10, 2024
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
2.0% · 81th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

39

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
38 / 40 · 9.6 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 2.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
9.6
CNA · @huntr_ai
3.4
6.2 point gap

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2024-3568

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
huggingfacetransformers

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • huggingface transformersbefore 4.38.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (@huntr_ai). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • huggingface huggingface/transformers

    • unspecified and later · before 4.38affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
PyPItransformersbefore 4.38.04.38.0

Same product

huggingface: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-5241Policy Bypass in LightGlue Nested Config Resolution in huggingface/transformers
    38Monitor
  • CVE-2024-11392Hugging Face Transformers MobileViTV2 Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2024-11394Hugging Face Transformers Trax Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    36Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-6730Dec 19, 2023 · Deserialization of Untrusted Data in huggingface/transformers
    35Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-7018Dec 20, 2023 · Deserialization of Untrusted Data in huggingface/transformers
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2024-11393Nov 22, 2024 · Hugging Face Transformers MaskFormer Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    36Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
PyPI:transformers4.38.0Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-07-10

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+455 d
  3. TodayOct 28, 2026+931 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2024-11392226 days apartHugging Face Transformers MobileViTV2 Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2024-11393226 days apartHugging Face Transformers MaskFormer Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2024-11394226 days apartHugging Face Transformers Trax Model Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
    36Monitor
  • CVE-2023-6730113 days apartDeserialization of Untrusted Data in huggingface/transformers
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2023-7018112 days apartDeserialization of Untrusted Data in huggingface/transformers
    31Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-502 · Deserialization of Untrusted Data

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

Data received over the network is deserialized into the language’s native object format without verifying its source. Code paths inside the object can be triggered during deserialization.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-502 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

python
payload = sock.recv(65536)job = pickle.loads(payload)

Fixed

python
payload = sock.recv(65536)if not hmac.compare_digest(sign(payload), header_sig):    raise PermissionError("invalid signature")job = JobSchema.validate(json.loads(payload))

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records