NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2024-35176: REXML contains a denial of service vulnerability

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 81.3% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
Fixed version: azl3 ruby 3.3.0-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.3.3-1; azl3 ruby 3.3.3-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.3.3-1; azl3 rubygem-rexml 3.2.6-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.2.8-1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to azl3 ruby 3.3.0-4 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.3.3-1; azl3 ruby 3.3.3-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.3.3-1; azl3 rubygem-rexml 3.2.6-1 on Azure Linux 3.0 3.2.8-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

REXML is an XML toolkit for Ruby. The REXML gem before 3.2.6 has a denial of service vulnerability when it parses an XML that has many `<`s in an attribute value. Those who need to parse untrusted XMLs may be impacted to this vulnerability. The REXML gem 3.2.7 or later include the patch to fix this vulnerability. As a workaround, don't parse untrusted XMLs.

MediumCVSS 5.3 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available

Published: May 16, 2024
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 2.0% · 81th percentile
CWE: CWE-400

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 21 / 40 · 5.3 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 1 / 30 · 2.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: —
CNA · GitHub_M: 5.3; NVD has not scored this yet; the score shown is the CNA’s.

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
ruby-lang	rexml	cpe:2.3:a:ruby-lang:rexml

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

ruby-lang rexmlbefore 3.2.7

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

ruby rexml
- < 3.2.7affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

+76

Same product

ruby-lang: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2021-28965The REXML gem before 3.2.5 in Ruby before 2.6.7, 2.7.x before 2.7.3, and 3.x before 3.0.1 does not properly address XML round-trip issues.
32Monitor
CVE-2024-41946REXML DoS vulnerability
30Monitor
CVE-2024-41123REXML DoS vulnerability
30Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

Later →CVE-2024-39908Jul 16, 2024 · Denial of service in REXML
17Monitor
Later →CVE-2024-43398Aug 22, 2024 · REXML denial of service vulnerability
23Monitor
Later →CVE-2024-49761Oct 28, 2024 · REXML ReDoS vulnerability
26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
azl3 ruby 3.3.0-4 on Azure Linux 3.0	3.3.3-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
azl3 ruby 3.3.3-1 on Azure Linux 3.0	3.3.3-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
azl3 rubygem-rexml 3.2.6-1 on Azure Linux 3.0	3.2.8-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
azl3 rubygem-rexml 3.2.8-1 on Azure Linux 3.0	3.2.8-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 ruby 3.1.4-6 on CBL Mariner 2.0	3.1.4-6 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 ruby 3.1.4-9 on CBL Mariner 2.0	3.1.4-6 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 rubygem-rexml 3.2.5-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	3.2.7-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
cbl2 rubygem-rexml 3.2.7-1 on CBL Mariner 2.0	3.2.7-1 · CBL-Mariner Releases	Microsoft (MSRC)
almalinux:ruby	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:ruby-devel	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:ruby-doc	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:ruby-irb	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:ruby-libs	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-abrt	0.3.0-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-abrt-doc	0.3.0-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-bigdecimal	1.3.4-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-bson	4.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-bson-doc	4.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-bundler	1.16.1-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:rubygem-bundler-doc	1.16.1-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
debian:ruby2.7	2.7.4-1+deb11u3 · Debian:11	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:rubygem-rexml	3.3.9-bp156.4.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby	0:2.5.9-112.module+el8.10.0+22021+135c76a8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-debuginfo	0:2.5.9-112.module+el8.10.0+22021+135c76a8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-debugsource	0:2.5.9-112.module+el8.10.0+22021+135c76a8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-devel	0:2.5.9-112.module+el8.10.0+22021+135c76a8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-doc	0:2.5.9-112.module+el8.10.0+22021+135c76a8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-irb	0:2.5.9-112.module+el8.10.0+22021+135c76a8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-libs	0:2.5.9-112.module+el8.10.0+22021+135c76a8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:ruby-libs-debuginfo	0:2.5.9-112.module+el8.10.0+22021+135c76a8 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)

+15

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:5	2024-12-19

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedMay 16, 2024
First PoCDec 19, 2024+216 d
TodayNov 2, 2026+900 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

ruby/rexmlcommit 4325835

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2024-4112377 days apartREXML DoS vulnerability
30Monitor
CVE-2024-4194677 days apartREXML DoS vulnerability
30Monitor
CVE-2024-3990861 days apartDenial of service in REXML
17Monitor
CVE-2025-58767489 days apartREXML has a DoS condition when parsing malformed XML file
4Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

RubyHackerOne · paid

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: none
Integrity: none
Availability: low · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: None
Integrity impact: None
Availability impact: Low

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-400 · Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

nvd-secondary

Root cause

Code that parses nested structures sets no depth or size limit. A small input can turn into a disproportionate processing load.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-400 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1function expand(node) {
2  return node.children.map(expand);
3}

Fixed

1const MAX_DEPTH = 32;
2function expand(node, depth = 0) {
3  if (depth > MAX_DEPTH) throw new Error("too deep");
4  return node.children.map((c) => expand(c, depth + 1));
5}

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

Endpoint Denial of ServiceT1499

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:45 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

github.com/ruby/rexml/commit/4325835f92f3f142ebd91a3fdba4e1f1ab7f1cfb

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

We use this product, ask for help

Data sources and verification

CNA: GitHub_M

CVE.org (CNA)Nov 3, 2025, 8:37 PM UTC
CISA ADPNov 3, 2025, 8:37 PM UTC
NVDJun 17, 2026, 3:34 AM UTC
FIRST EPSSOct 31, 2026, 12:00 AM UTC
OSV / GHSANov 1, 2026, 3:18 AM UTC
MSRCOct 2, 2026, 3:23 AM UTC
PoC-in-GitHubNov 1, 2026, 3:18 AM UTC

Each line is when that source was last processed for this record.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
AlmaLinux:8	pcs	before 0.10.18-2.el8_10.1	0.10.18-2.el8_10.1
AlmaLinux:8	pcs-snmp	before 0.10.18-2.el8_10.1	0.10.18-2.el8_10.1
AlmaLinux:8	ruby	before 2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	ruby-devel	before 2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	ruby-doc	before 2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	ruby-irb	before 2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	ruby-libs	before 2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	2.5.9-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-abrt	before 0.3.0-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	0.3.0-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-abrt-doc	before 0.3.0-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	0.3.0-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-bigdecimal	before 1.3.4-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	1.3.4-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-bson	before 4.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+259+8cec6917	4.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+259+8cec6917
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-bson	before 4.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553	4.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-bson	before 4.3.0-2.module_el8.6.0+3170+4b08f9d4	4.3.0-2.module_el8.6.0+3170+4b08f9d4
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-bson-doc	before 4.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553	4.3.0-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-bundler	before 1.16.1-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	1.16.1-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-bundler-doc	before 1.16.1-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	1.16.1-4.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-did_you_mean	before 1.2.0-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	1.2.0-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-io-console	before 0.4.6-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	0.4.6-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-json	before 2.1.0-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	2.1.0-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-minitest	before 5.10.3-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f	5.10.3-112.module_el8.10.0+3871+342e2c2f
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-mongo	before 2.5.1-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553	2.5.1-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-mongo-doc	before 2.5.1-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553	2.5.1-2.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-mysql2	before 0.4.10-4.module_el8.5.0+259+8cec6917	0.4.10-4.module_el8.5.0+259+8cec6917
AlmaLinux:8	rubygem-mysql2	before 0.4.10-4.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553	0.4.10-4.module_el8.5.0+2625+ec418553