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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2024-31996: XWiki Commons missing escaping of `{` in Velocity escapetool allows remote code execution

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 40/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 2.1% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 81.7% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity (Maven) 15.5.4, 15.9-rc-1, 14.10.19.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity (Maven) 15.5.4, 15.9-rc-1, 14.10.19 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Starting in version 3.0.1 and prior to versions 4.10.19, 15.5.4, and 15.10-rc-1, the HTML escaping of escaping tool that is used in XWiki doesn't escape `{`, which, when used in certain places, allows XWiki syntax injection and thereby remote code execution. The vulnerability has been fixed in XWiki 14.10.19, 15.5.5, and 15.9 RC1. Apart from upgrading, there is no generic workaround. However, replacing `$escapetool.html` by `$escapetool.xml` in XWiki documents fixes the vulnerability. In a standard XWiki installation, the maintainers are only aware of the document `Panels.PanelLayoutUpdate` that exposes this vulnerability, patching this document is thus a workaround. Any extension could expose this vulnerability and might thus require patching, too.

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Apr 10, 2024
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
2.1% · 81th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

40

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS
39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
1 / 30 · 2.1%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
9.8
CNA · GitHub_M
10.0
0.2 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
xwikixwiki

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • xwiki xwiki3.0.1 and later · before 14.10.19
  • xwiki xwiki15.0 and later · before 15.5.4
  • xwiki xwiki15.6 and later · before 15.9

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • xwiki xwiki-commons

    • >= 3.0.1, < 14.10.19, >= 15.0-rc-1, < 15.5.4, >= 15.6-rc-1, < 15.9-rc-1affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Mavenorg.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocityfrom 15.0-rc-1 · before 15.5.415.5.4
Mavenorg.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocityfrom 15.6-rc-1 · before 15.9-rc-115.9-rc-1
Mavenorg.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocityfrom 3.0.1 · before 14.10.1914.10.19

Same product

xwiki: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-24893Remote code execution as guest via SolrSearchMacros request in xwikiKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2024-21650XWiki Remote Code Execution vulnerability via user registration
    67This week
  • CVE-2023-46731Remote code execution through the section parameter in Administration as guest in XWiki Platform
    66This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-31987Apr 10, 2024 · XWiki Platform remote code execution from account via custom skins support
    35Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2024-31988Apr 10, 2024 · XWiki Platform CSRF remote code execution through the realtime HTML Converter API
    35Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2024-31997Apr 10, 2024 · XWiki Platform remote code execution from account through UIExtension parameters
    57Plan

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Maven:org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity14.10.19Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity15.5.4Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity15.9-rc-1Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2025-24893316 days apartRemote code execution as guest via SolrSearchMacros request in xwikiKEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2024-2165093 days apartXWiki Remote Code Execution vulnerability via user registration
    67This week
  • CVE-2023-26477405 days apartorg.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-flamingo-theme-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
    61This week
  • CVE-2024-319840 days apartXWiki Platform: Remote code execution through space title and Solr space facet
    60This week
  • CVE-2024-314650 days apartXWiki Platform: Remote code execution from account via SearchSuggestSourceSheet
    58Plan
  • CVE-2023-29509360 days apartorg.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-flamingo-theme-ui Eval Injection vulnerability
    58Plan

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-95 · Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records