NVD / CVE Program· CNA @huntr_ai

CVE-2024-1728: Local File Inclusion in gradio-app/gradio

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 56/100)

A ready-made attack module is public (Nuclei); exploiting it takes no special expertise.
Public proof-of-concept code exists (Exploit-DB / GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 85.3% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 99.7% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
Fixed version: gradio (PyPI) 4.19.2.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to gradio (PyPI) 4.19.2 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

gradio-app/gradio is vulnerable to a local file inclusion vulnerability due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the UploadButton component. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to read arbitrary files on the filesystem, such as private SSH keys, by manipulating the file path in the request to the `/queue/join` endpoint. This issue could potentially lead to remote code execution. The vulnerability is present in the handling of file upload paths, allowing attackers to redirect file uploads to unintended locations on the server.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available

Published: Apr 10, 2024
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 85.3% · 99th percentile
CWE: CWE-22

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS: 30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 26 / 30 · 85.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: proof of concept
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 7.5
CNA · @huntr_ai: 7.5; agree

CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
gradio project	gradio	cpe:2.3:a:gradio_project:gradio

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

gradio project gradio4.18.0 and later · before 4.19.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (@huntr_ai). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

gradio-app gradio-app/gradio
- unspecified and later · before 4.19.2affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
PyPI	gradio	before 4.19.2	4.19.2

Same product

gradio project: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2024-4325Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) in gradio-app/gradio
45Plan
CVE-2024-39236Gradio v4.36.1 was discovered to contain a code injection vulnerability via the component /gradio/component_meta.py.
39Monitor
CVE-2023-51449Make the `/file` secure against file traversal attacks
39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2024-1540Mar 27, 2024 · Command Injection in gradio-app/gradio via deploy+test-visual.yml workflow
33Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2024-1729Mar 29, 2024 · Timing Attack Vulnerability in gradio-app/gradio
23Monitor
Later →CVE-2024-1183Apr 15, 2024 · SSRF Vulnerability in gradio-app/gradio
27Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
PyPI:gradio	4.19.2	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

Nuclei detection template ×1

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Nuclei detection template	Nuclei template CVE-2024-1728	—

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

gradio-app/gradiocommit 16fbe9c

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2023-51449110 days apartMake the `/file` secure against file traversal attacks
39Monitor
CVE-2024-096465 days apartA local file include could be remotely triggered in Gradio due to a vulnerable user-supplied JSON value in an API request.
37Monitor
CVE-2024-494157 days apartLocal File Inclusion in JSON component in gradio-app/gradio
30Monitor
CVE-2024-51751210 days apartArbitrary file read with File and UploadButton components in Gradio
26Monitor
CVE-2024-47164183 days apartThe `is_in_or_equal` function may be bypassed in Gradio
9Monitor
CVE-2024-47166183 days apartOne-level read path traversal in `/custom_component` in Gradio
9Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: none
Availability: none

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: None
Availability impact: None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-22 · Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

A user-supplied file name is joined with the allowed directory, but the result is never checked to confirm it is still inside that directory.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-22 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const file = path.join(ROOT, req.query.name);
2res.sendFile(file);

Fixed

1const file = path.resolve(ROOT, req.query.name);
2if (!file.startsWith(ROOT + path.sep)) {
3  return res.sendStatus(400);
4}
5res.sendFile(file);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:46 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

github.com/gradio-app/gradio/commit/16fbe9cd0cffa9f2a824a0165beb43446114eec7

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records