NVD / CVE Program· CNA PostgreSQL

CVE-2024-1597: pgjdbc SQL Injection via line comment generation

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Plan (action score 40/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 4.8% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 91.9% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
Fixed version: postgresql-jdbc (AlmaLinux:8) 42.2.14-3.el8_9; postgresql-jdbc-javadoc (AlmaLinux:8) 42.2.14-3.el8_9; postgresql-jdbc (AlmaLinux:9) 42.2.28-1.el9_3.

Add it to your regular patch cycle. Upgrade to postgresql-jdbc (AlmaLinux:8) 42.2.14-3.el8_9; postgresql-jdbc-javadoc (AlmaLinux:8) 42.2.14-3.el8_9; postgresql-jdbc (AlmaLinux:9) 42.2.28-1.el9_3 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

pgjdbc, the PostgreSQL JDBC Driver, allows attacker to inject SQL if using PreferQueryMode=SIMPLE. Note this is not the default. In the default mode there is no vulnerability. A placeholder for a numeric value must be immediately preceded by a minus. There must be a second placeholder for a string value after the first placeholder; both must be on the same line. By constructing a matching string payload, the attacker can inject SQL to alter the query,bypassing the protections that parameterized queries bring against SQL Injection attacks. Versions before 42.7.2, 42.6.1, 42.5.5, 42.4.4, 42.3.9, and 42.2.28 are affected.

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Published: Feb 19, 2024
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 4.8% · 91th percentile
CWE: CWE-89

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Plan

Add it to your regular patch cycle.

CVSS: 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 1 / 30 · 4.8%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: proof of concept
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 9.8
CNA · PostgreSQL: 10.0; 0.2 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
postgresql	postgresql jdbc driver	cpe:2.3:a:postgresql:postgresql_jdbc_driver
fedoraproject	fedora	cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

fedoraproject fedora40
postgresql postgresql jdbc driver42.3.0 and later · before 42.3.9
postgresql postgresql jdbc driver42.4.0 and later · before 42.4.4
postgresql postgresql jdbc driverbefore 42.2.28
postgresql postgresql jdbc driver42.6.0 and later · before 42.6.1
postgresql postgresql jdbc driver42.7.0 and later · before 42.7.2
postgresql postgresql jdbc driver42.5.0 and later · before 42.5.5

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (PostgreSQL). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

pgjdbc pgjdbc
- < 42.7.2, < 42.6.1, < 42.5.5, < 42.4.4, < 42.3.9, < 42.2.28affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
AlmaLinux:8	postgresql-jdbc	before 42.2.14-3.el8_9	42.2.14-3.el8_9
AlmaLinux:8	postgresql-jdbc-javadoc	before 42.2.14-3.el8_9	42.2.14-3.el8_9
AlmaLinux:9	postgresql-jdbc	before 42.2.28-1.el9_3	42.2.28-1.el9_3
Debian:10	libpgjava	before 42.2.5-2+deb10u4	42.2.5-2+deb10u4
Debian:11	libpgjava	before 42.2.15-1+deb11u2	42.2.15-1+deb11u2
Debian:12	libpgjava	before 42.5.5-0+deb12u1	42.5.5-0+deb12u1
Debian:13	libpgjava	before 42.7.2-1	42.7.2-1
Maven	org.postgresql:postgresql	from 42.3.0 · before 42.3.9	42.3.9
Maven	org.postgresql:postgresql	from 42.4.0 · before 42.4.4	42.4.4
Maven	org.postgresql:postgresql	from 42.5.0 · before 42.5.5	42.5.5
Maven	org.postgresql:postgresql	from 42.6.0 · before 42.6.1	42.6.1
Maven	org.postgresql:postgresql	from 42.7.0 · before 42.7.2	42.7.2
Maven	org.postgresql:postgresql	before 42.2.28	42.2.28
openSUSE:Leap 15.5	postgresql-jdbc	before 42.2.25-150400.3.12.1	42.2.25-150400.3.12.1
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	postgresql-jdbc	before 0:42.2.14-3.el8_9	0:42.2.14-3.el8_9
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	postgresql-jdbc-javadoc	before 0:42.2.14-3.el8_9	0:42.2.14-3.el8_9
Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream	postgresql-jdbc	before 0:42.2.28-1.el9_3	0:42.2.28-1.el9_3
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.2::appstream	postgresql-jdbc	before 0:42.2.3-5.el8_2	0:42.2.3-5.el8_2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.2::appstream	postgresql-jdbc-javadoc	before 0:42.2.3-5.el8_2	0:42.2.3-5.el8_2
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream	postgresql-jdbc	before 0:42.2.3-7.el8_4	0:42.2.3-7.el8_4
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.4::appstream	postgresql-jdbc-javadoc	before 0:42.2.3-7.el8_4	0:42.2.3-7.el8_4
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream	postgresql-jdbc	before 0:42.2.3-5.el8_6	0:42.2.3-5.el8_6
Red Hat:rhel_aus:8.6::appstream	postgresql-jdbc-javadoc	before 0:42.2.3-5.el8_6	0:42.2.3-5.el8_6
Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.8::appstream	postgresql-jdbc	before 0:42.2.14-5.el8_8	0:42.2.14-5.el8_8

Same product

postgresql: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2022-26520In pgjdbc before 42.3.3, an attacker (who controls the jdbc URL or properties) can call java.util.logging.FileHandler to write to arbitrary
40Plan
CVE-2022-21724Unchecked Class Instantiation when providing Plugin Classes
40Plan
CVE-2022-31197SQL Injection in ResultSet.refreshRow() with malicious column names in pgjdbc
33Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2020-13692Jun 4, 2020 · PostgreSQL JDBC Driver (aka PgJDBC) before 42.2.13 allows XXE.
31Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2022-41946Nov 23, 2022 · TemporaryFolder on unix-like systems does not limit access to created files in pgjdbc
22Monitor
Later →CVE-2025-49146Jun 11, 2025 · pgjdbc Client Allows Fallback to Insecure Authentication Despite channelBinding=require Configuration
23Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
almalinux:postgresql-jdbc	42.2.14-3.el8_9 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
almalinux:postgresql-jdbc-javadoc	42.2.14-3.el8_9 · AlmaLinux:8	Package registry (OSV)
debian:libpgjava	42.5.5-0+deb12u1 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.postgresql:postgresql	42.2.28	Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.postgresql:postgresql	42.3.9	Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.postgresql:postgresql	42.4.4	Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.postgresql:postgresql	42.5.5	Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.postgresql:postgresql	42.6.1	Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.postgresql:postgresql	42.7.2	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:postgresql-jdbc	42.2.25-150400.3.12.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.5	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:postgresql-jdbc	0:42.2.14-3.el8_9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
red hat:postgresql-jdbc-javadoc	0:42.2.14-3.el8_9 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream	Package registry (OSV)
rocky linux:postgresql-jdbc	0:42.2.14-3.el8_9 · Rocky Linux:8	Package registry (OSV)
suse:postgresql-jdbc	42.2.25-150300.3.14.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS	Package registry (OSV)
suse:postgresql-jdbc	42.2.25-150400.3.12.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP5	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Paul Gerste

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-89 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

The query text is built by concatenating user input. The database cannot tell where the data ends and the command begins.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-89 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = '" + owner + "'"
4);

Fixed

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = $1",
4  [owner]
5);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:45 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/02/6

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records