NVD / CVE Program· CNA zdi

CVE-2024-12548: Tungsten Automation Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability

LowCVSS 3.3 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 13/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.34% (FIRST EPSS).
Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.

Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Tungsten Automation Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Use-After-Free Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Tungsten Automation Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JP2 files.The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25564.

Published: Feb 11, 2025
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 0.3% · 28th percentile
CWE: CWE-416

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 13 / 40 · 3.3 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 0 / 30 · 0.3%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical impact: partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 3.3
CNA · zdi: 3.3; agree

CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Is your version affected? Check it

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
tungstenautomation	power pdf	cpe:2.3:a:tungstenautomation:power_pdf

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (zdi). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Tungsten Automation Power PDF
- 5.1.0.41affected

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

tungstenautomation power pdfbefore 5.1.1.2

Same product

tungstenautomation: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2024-12547Tungsten Automation Power PDF JPF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
35Monitor
CVE-2024-12551Tungsten Automation Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor
CVE-2024-12550Tungsten Automation Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability
31Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2024-9763Nov 22, 2024 · Tungsten Automation Power PDF PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Information Disclosure Vulnerability
13Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2024-9764Nov 22, 2024 · Tungsten Automation Power PDF PDF File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor
Later →CVE-2024-12549Feb 11, 2025 · Tungsten Automation Power PDF JP2 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

CVE-2024-973281 days apartTungsten Automation Power PDF XPS File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor
CVE-2024-974881 days apartTungsten Automation Power PDF XPS File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor
CVE-2024-976481 days apartTungsten Automation Power PDF PDF File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor
CVE-2023-44435285 days apartKofax Power PDF File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor
CVE-2023-44436285 days apartKofax Power PDF File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor
CVE-2023-51565285 days apartKofax Power PDF XPS File Parsing Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
31Monitor

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
A user must open a link or visit a page.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: low · data can be read
Integrity: none
Availability: none

Attack vector: Local
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: Low
Integrity impact: None
Availability impact: None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-416 · Use After Free

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

After a memory region is freed, another reference pointing to it is still used. By then, the same region may have been allocated for different data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-416 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1free(dev->buf);
2/* ... another thread is still running ... */
3process(dev->buf);

Fixed

1lock(&dev->lock);
2free(dev->buf);
3dev->buf = NULL;
4unlock(&dev->lock);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log (0)

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-1680/

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records