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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CVE-2023-52428: In Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 9.37.2, an attacker can cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a large JWE p2c header…

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 30/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.81% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 57.3% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
  • Fixed version: com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven) 9.37.2; eap8-activemq-artemis (Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8) 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap; eap8-activemq-artemis-cli (Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8) 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt (Maven) 9.37.2; eap8-activemq-artemis (Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8) 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap; eap8-activemq-artemis-cli (Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8) 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

In Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 9.37.2, an attacker can cause a denial of service (resource consumption) via a large JWE p2c header value (aka iteration count) for the PasswordBasedDecrypter (PBKDF2) component.

HighCVSS 7.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 11, 2024
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.8% · 57th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

30

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.8%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
yes
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

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  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
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  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
connect2idnimbus jose\+jwt

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • connect2id nimbus jose+jwtbefore 9.37.2

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Mavencom.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwtbefore 9.37.29.37.2
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemisbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-clibefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-commonsbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-core-clientbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-dtobefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-hornetq-protocolbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-hqclient-protocolbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-clientbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-rabefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-serverbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-service-extensionsbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-jdbc-storebefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-journalbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-nativebefore 1:2.0.0-2.redhat_00005.1.el8eap1:2.0.0-2.redhat_00005.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-selectorbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-activemq-artemis-serverbefore 0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-aesh-extensionsbefore 0:1.8.0-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:1.8.0-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-aesh-readlinebefore 0:2.2.0-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:2.2.0-2.redhat_00001.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-commons-codecbefore 0:1.16.1-2.redhat_00007.1.el8eap0:1.16.1-2.redhat_00007.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-commons-collectionsbefore 0:3.2.2-28.redhat_2.1.el8eap0:3.2.2-28.redhat_2.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-commons-iobefore 0:2.15.1-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:2.15.1-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-commons-langbefore 0:3.14.0-2.redhat_00006.1.el8eap0:3.14.0-2.redhat_00006.1.el8eap
Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8eap8-apache-cxfbefore 0:4.0.5-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap0:4.0.5-1.redhat_00001.1.el8eap

+96

Same product

connect2id: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-17195Connect2id Nimbus JOSE+JWT before v7.9 can throw various uncaught exceptions while parsing a JWT, which could result in an application…
    42Plan
  • CVE-2017-12974Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 4.36 proceeds with ECKey construction without ensuring that the public x and y coordinates are on the specified…
    30Monitor
  • CVE-2017-12972In Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 4.39, there is no integer-overflow check when converting length values from bytes to bits, which allows attackers…
    30Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2017-12973Aug 20, 2017 · Nimbus JOSE+JWT before 4.39 proceeds improperly after detection of an invalid HMAC in authenticated AES-CBC decryption, which allows…
    12Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Maven:com.nimbusds:nimbus-jose-jwt9.37.2Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-cli0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-commons0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-core-client0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-dto0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-hornetq-protocol0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-hqclient-protocol0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-client0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-ra0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-server0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jakarta-service-extensions0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)
red hat:eap8-activemq-artemis-jdbc-store0:2.33.0-1.redhat_00015.1.el8eap · Red Hat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:8.0::el8Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-770 · Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records