In ssh in OpenSSH before 9.6, OS command injection might occur if a user name or host name has shell metacharacters, and this name is refere
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 32/100)
- Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 19.7% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 97.3% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- Fixed version: openssh (AlmaLinux:8) 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2; openssh-askpass (AlmaLinux:8) 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2; openssh-cavs (AlmaLinux:8) 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2.
- Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).
Low priority for now. Upgrade to openssh (AlmaLinux:8) 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2; openssh-askpass (AlmaLinux:8) 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2; openssh-cavs (AlmaLinux:8) 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
In ssh in OpenSSH before 9.6, OS command injection might occur if a user name or host name has shell metacharacters, and this name is referenced by an expansion token in certain situations. For example, an untrusted Git repository can have a submodule with shell metacharacters in a user name or host name.
- BDU:2023-08955
- ALSA-2024:0606
- ALSA-2024:1130
- DLA-3694-1
- DSA-5586-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:14113-1
- RHSA-2024:0429
- RHSA-2024:0455
- RHSA-2024:0594
- RHSA-2024:0606
- RHSA-2024:1130
- RHSA-2026:1790
- RHSA-2026:22329
- RLSA-2024:0606
- SUSE-SU-2024:0596-1
- SUSE-SU-2024:0603-1
- SUSE-SU-2024:0604-1
- SUSE-SU-2024:2393-1
- SUSE-SU-2025:20009-1
- Published
- Dec 18, 2023
- Updated
- Oct 15, 2026
- EPSS
- 19.7% · 97th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-78
Report tools
Action score
32
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 26 / 40 · 6.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 6 / 30 · 19.7%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- proof of concept
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 6.5
- CNA · mitre
- 6.5
- agree
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| openbsd | openssh | cpe:2.3:a:openbsd:openssh |
| debian | debian linux | cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- debian debian linux10.0
- debian debian linux11.0
- debian debian linux12.0
- openbsd opensshbefore 9.6
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssh | before 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssh-askpass | before 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssh-cavs | before 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssh-clients | before 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssh-keycat | before 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssh-ldap | before 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | openssh-server | before 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pam_ssh_agent_auth | before 0.10.3-7.19.el8_9.2 | 0.10.3-7.19.el8_9.2 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | openssh | before 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 | 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | openssh-askpass | before 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 | 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | openssh-clients | before 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 | 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | openssh-keycat | before 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 | 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | openssh-server | before 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 | 8.7p1-34.el9_3.3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | pam_ssh_agent_auth | before 0.10.4-5.34.el9_3.3 | 0.10.4-5.34.el9_3.3 |
| Alpine:v3.16 | openssh | before 9.0_p1-r5 | 9.0_p1-r5 |
| Alpine:v3.17 | openssh | before 9.1_p1-r5 | 9.1_p1-r5 |
| Alpine:v3.19 | openssh | before 9.6_p1-r0 | 9.6_p1-r0 |
| Debian:10 | openssh | before 1:7.9p1-10+deb10u4 | 1:7.9p1-10+deb10u4 |
| Debian:11 | openssh | before 1:8.4p1-5+deb11u3 | 1:8.4p1-5+deb11u3 |
| Debian:12 | openssh | before 1:9.2p1-2+deb12u2 | 1:9.2p1-2+deb12u2 |
| Debian:13 | openssh | before 1:9.6p1-1 | 1:9.6p1-1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | openssh | before 9.6p1-11.1 | 9.6p1-11.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | openssh-askpass | before 0:8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 | 0:8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::appstream | openssh-askpass-debuginfo | before 0:8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 | 0:8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 |
+96
Same product
openbsd: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2023-38408The PKCS#11 feature in ssh-agent in OpenSSH before 9.3p2 has an insufficiently trustworthy search path, leading to remote code execution if 63This week
- CVE-2023-25136OpenSSH server (sshd) 9.1 introduced a double-free vulnerability during options.kex_algorithms handling.53Plan
- CVE-2018-15473OpenSSH through 7.7 is prone to a user enumeration vulnerability due to not delaying bailout for an invalid authenticating user until after 51Plan
- CVE-2016-6210sshd in OpenSSH before 7.3, when SHA256 or SHA512 are used for user password hashing, uses BLOWFISH hashing on a static password when the us50Plan
- CVE-2016-6515The auth_password function in auth-passwd.c in sshd in OpenSSH before 7.3 does not limit password lengths for password authentication, which48Plan
- CVE-2002-0640Buffer overflow in sshd in OpenSSH 2.3.1 through 3.3 may allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a large number of responses du48Plan
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| almalinux:openssh | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssh-askpass | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssh-cavs | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssh-clients | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssh-keycat | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssh-ldap | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:openssh-server | 8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:pam_ssh_agent_auth | 0.10.3-7.19.el8_9.2 · AlmaLinux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:openssh | 9.0_p1-r5 · Alpine:v3.16 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:openssh | 1:9.2p1-2+deb12u2 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:openssh | 8.4p1-150300.3.30.1 · openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:openssh-askpass-gnome | 8.4p1-150300.3.30.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-askpass | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-askpass-debuginfo | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-cavs | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-cavs-debuginfo | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-clients-debuginfo | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-debuginfo | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-debugsource | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-keycat-debuginfo | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-ldap-debuginfo | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:openssh-server-debuginfo | 0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:pam_ssh_agent_auth-debuginfo | 0:0.10.3-7.15.el8_6.3 · Red Hat:rhel_eus:8.6::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:openssh | 0:8.0p1-19.el8_9.2 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:openssh | 8.4p1-150300.3.30.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:openssh-askpass-gnome | 8.4p1-150300.3.30.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Desktop Applications 15 SP5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:openssh-testuser | 0-81.12.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit 12 SP5 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
Proof of concept available
A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.
Evidence
- Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×23
Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.
| Source | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:50 | 2023-09-28 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2023-12-25 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2023-12-25 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:5 | 2023-12-25 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:7 | 2023-12-25 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2023-12-26 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2023-12-30 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:2 | 2024-01-02 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2024-01-03 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2024-01-03 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2024-01-09 |
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:0 | 2024-01-20 |
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
- First PoC-82 d
- Published
- TodayOct 17, 2026+1034 d
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)
Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.
- TR-23-0731 · Dec 25, 2023(OpenSSH Güvenlik Bildirimi)
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- low · data can be read
- Integrity
- low · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- none
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- Low
- Integrity impact
- Low
- Availability impact
- None
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-78 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
nvd-primary
Root cause
User input is inserted as text into a shell command. The shell may interpret special characters in the input as part of the command.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-78 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
const host = req.body.host;exec("ping -c 1 " + host, onResult);Fixed
const host = req.body.host;if (!/^[a-z0-9.-]{1,253}$/i.test(host)) return res.sendStatus(400);execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], onResult);Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Command Line Execution through SQL InjectionCAPEC-108likelihood: Low · Very High
- Command DelimitersCAPEC-15likelihood: High · High
- Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation LayersCAPEC-43likelihood: Medium · High
- Argument InjectionCAPEC-6likelihood: High · High
- OS Command InjectionCAPEC-88likelihood: High · High
ATT&CK techniques
—
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (15 more)Show less
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/26/4
- github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commit/7ef3787c84b6b524501211b11a26c742f829af1a
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00017.html
- security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-17
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240105-0005/
- support.apple.com/kb/HT214084
- vin01.github.io/piptagole/ssh/security/openssh/libssh/remote-code-execution/2023/12/20/openssh-proxycommand-libssh-rce.html
- www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586
- www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/07/1
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/12/1
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-769027.html
- cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-794697.html
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.