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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2023-48220: Decidim's devise_invitable gem vulnerable to circumvention of invitation token expiry period

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 29/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.79% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 56.5% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: decidim (RubyGems) 0.26.9, 0.27.5; decidim-admin (RubyGems) 0.26.9, 0.27.5; decidim-system (RubyGems) 0.26.9, 0.27.5.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to decidim (RubyGems) 0.26.9, 0.27.5; decidim-admin (RubyGems) 0.26.9, 0.27.5; decidim-system (RubyGems) 0.26.9, 0.27.5 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Decidim is a participatory democracy framework. Starting in version 0.4.rc3 and prior to version 2.0.9 of the `devise_invitable` gem, the invites feature allows users to accept the invitation for an unlimited amount of time through the password reset functionality. This issue creates vulnerable dependencies starting in version 0.0.1.alpha3 and prior to versions 0.26.9, 0.27.5, and 0.28.0 of the `decidim,` `decidim-admin`, and `decidim-system` gems. When using the password reset functionality, the `devise_invitable` gem always accepts the pending invitation if the user has been invited. The only check done is if the user has been invited but the code does not ensure that the pending invitation is still valid as defined by the `invite_for` expiry period. Decidim sets this configuration to `2.weeks` so this configuration should be respected. The bug is in the `devise_invitable` gem and should be fixed there and the dependency should be upgraded in Decidim once the fix becomes available. `devise_invitable` to version `2.0.9` and above fix this issue. Versions 0.26.9, 0.27.5, and 0.28.0 of the `decidim,` `decidim-admin`, and `decidim-system` gems contain this fix. As a workaround, invitations can be cancelled directly from the database.

HighCVSS 7.4 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Feb 20, 2024
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.7% · 56th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

29

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
29 / 40 · 7.4 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.7%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.4
CNA · GitHub_M
5.7
1.7 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
decidimdecidim
scambradevise invitable

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • decidim decidim0.0.2 and later · before 0.26.9
  • decidim decidim0.27.0 and later · before 0.27.5
  • decidim decidim0.0.1
  • scambra devise invitable0.4.1 and later · before 2.0.9
  • scambra devise invitable0.4.0

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • decidim decidim

    • >= 0.0.1.alpha3, < 0.26.9, >= 0.27.0, < 0.27.5, >= 0.4.rc3, < 2.0.9affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
RubyGemsdecidimfrom 0.0.1.alpha3 · before 0.26.90.26.9
RubyGemsdecidimfrom 0.27.0 · before 0.27.50.27.5
RubyGemsdecidim-adminfrom 0.0.1.alpha3 · before 0.26.90.26.9
RubyGemsdecidim-adminfrom 0.27.0 · before 0.27.50.27.5
RubyGemsdecidim-systemfrom 0.0.1.alpha3 · before 0.26.90.26.9
RubyGemsdecidim-systemfrom 0.27.0 · before 0.27.50.27.5
RubyGemsdevise_invitablefrom 0.4.rc3 · before 2.0.92.0.9

Same product

decidim: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2026-23891Decidim has a Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability via user name field
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2026-45414Decidim: JWT-backed authentication can be replayed across organizations
    34Monitor
  • CVE-2025-65017Decidim's private data exports can lead to data leaks
    32Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-36465Oct 6, 2023 · Decidim has broken access control in templates
    28Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-47635Feb 20, 2024 · Decidim vulnerable to possible CSRF attack at questionnaire templates preview
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-51447Feb 20, 2024 · Decidim vulnerable to cross-site scripting (XSS) in the dynamic file uploads
    21Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
RubyGems:decidim0.26.9Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:decidim0.27.5Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:decidim-admin0.26.9Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:decidim-admin0.27.5Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:decidim-system0.26.9Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:decidim-system0.27.5Package registry (OSV)
RubyGems:devise_invitable2.0.9Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-672 · Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (8 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records