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NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2023-45681: Out of bounds heap buffer write in stb_vorbis

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 31/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.51% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: SDL2_sound (openSUSE:Leap 15.6) 2.0.4-bp156.2.3.1; SDL2_sound (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 2.0.4-1.1; SDL3_sound (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 3.2.0-1.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to SDL2_sound (openSUSE:Leap 15.6) 2.0.4-bp156.2.3.1; SDL2_sound (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 2.0.4-1.1; SDL3_sound (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 3.2.0-1.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

stb_vorbis is a single file MIT licensed library for processing ogg vorbis files. A crafted file may trigger memory write past an allocated heap buffer in `start_decoder`. The root cause is a potential integer overflow in `sizeof(char*) * (f->comment_list_length)` which may make `setup_malloc` allocate less memory than required. Since there is another integer overflow an attacker may overflow it too to force `setup_malloc` to return 0 and make the exploit more reliable. This issue may lead to code execution.

HighCVSS 7.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Oct 20, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.5% · 44th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

31

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
31 / 40 · 7.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.5%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.8
CNA · GitHub_M
7.3
0.5 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-45681

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
nothingsstb vorbis.c

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • nothings stb vorbis.c1.22

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • nothings stb

    • <= 1.22affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12libstbfrom 0—
openSUSE:Leap 15.6SDL2_soundbefore 2.0.4-bp156.2.3.12.0.4-bp156.2.3.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedSDL2_soundbefore 2.0.4-1.12.0.4-1.1
openSUSE:TumbleweedSDL3_soundbefore 3.2.0-1.13.2.0-1.1
SUSE:Package Hub 15 SP6SDL2_soundbefore 2.0.4-bp156.2.3.12.0.4-bp156.2.3.1

Same product

nothings: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2023-47212A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the comment functionality of stb _vorbis.c v1.22.
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2023-45679Attempt to free an uninitialized memory pointer in vorbis_deinit in stb_vorbis
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2023-45678Off-by-one heap buffer write in start_decoder in stb_vorbis
    31Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-45677Oct 20, 2023 · Heap buffer out of bounds write in start_decoder in stb_vorbis
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-45680Oct 20, 2023 · Null pointer dereference in vorbis_deinit in stb_vorbis
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-45682Oct 20, 2023 · Wild address read in vorbis_decode_packet_rest in stb_vorbis
    28Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
opensuse:SDL2_sound2.0.4-bp156.2.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.6Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:SDL3_sound3.2.0-1.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
suse:SDL2_sound2.0.4-bp156.2.3.1 · SUSE:Package Hub 15 SP6Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-787 · Out-of-bounds Write

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (4 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records