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CVE-2023-45583· NVD / CVE Program· CNA fortinet

A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, FortiOS 7.0 all versions,

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 28/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.65% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 50.9% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. Administrator privileges are required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.
  • Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, FortiOS 7.0 all versions, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 6.2 all versions, FortiPAM 1.1.0, FortiPAM 1.0 all versions, FortiProxy 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, FortiProxy 7.0.0 through 7.0.11, FortiProxy 2.0 all versions, FortiProxy 01.02 all versions, FortiProxy 1.2 all versions, FortiProxy 01.01 all versions, FortiProxy 1.1 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.2 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted cli commands and http requests.

HighCVSS 7.2 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
May 14, 2024
Updated
Oct 22, 2026
EPSS
0.6% · 50th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

28

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
28 / 40 · 7.2 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
7.2
CNA · fortinet
6.2
1.0 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-45583

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
fortinetfortiproxy
fortinetfortiswitchmanager
fortinetfortios
fortinetfortipam

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • fortinet fortios7.2.0 and later · up to 7.2.5 inclusive
  • fortinet fortios6.2.0 and later · up to 6.2.16 inclusive
  • fortinet fortios6.4.0 and later · up to 6.4.15 inclusive
  • fortinet fortios7.0.0 and later · up to 7.0.12 inclusive
  • fortinet fortiosbefore 7.2.6
  • fortinet fortios7.4.0
  • fortinet fortipam1.0.0 and later · up to 1.0.3 inclusive
  • fortinet fortipam1.1.0
  • fortinet fortiproxyafter 7.2.0 · before 7.2.6
  • fortinet fortiproxybefore 7.0.12
  • fortinet fortiswitchmanager7.2.0 and later · before 7.2.3
  • fortinet fortiswitchmanager7.0.0 and later · before 7.0.3

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (fortinet). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Fortinet FortiOS

    • 7.4.0affected
    • 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.5affected · semver
    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.19affected · semver
    • 6.4.0 and later · up to and including 6.4.16affected · semver
    • 6.2.0 and later · up to and including 6.2.17affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiPAM

    • 1.1.0affected
    • 1.0.0 and later · up to and including 1.0.3affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiProxy

    • 01.02.00affected
    • 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.5affected · semver
    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.11affected · semver
    • 2.0.0 and later · up to and including 2.0.14affected · semver
    • 1.2.1 and later · up to and including 1.2.13affected · semver
    • 1.1.4 and later · up to and including 1.1.6affected · semver
    • 01.01.00 and later · up to and including 01.01.03affected · semver

  • Fortinet FortiSwitchManager

    • 7.2.0 and later · up to and including 7.2.2affected · semver
    • 7.0.0 and later · up to and including 7.0.2affected · semver

Same product

fortinet: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2022-40684An authentication bypass using an alternate path or channel [CWE-288] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.1 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.KEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2018-13379An Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ("Path Traversal") in Fortinet FortiOS 6.0.0 to 6.0.4, 5.6.3 to 5.6.7 and 5.4KEV
    99Now
  • CVE-2024-55591An Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability [CWE-288] affecting FortiOS version 7.0.0 through 7.0.16 and FortiKEV
    97Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-45586May 14, 2024 · An insufficient verification of data authenticity vulnerability [CWE-345] in Fortinet FortiOS SSL-VPN tunnel mode version 7.4.0 through 7.4.
    20Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2023-36640May 14, 2024 · A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, FortiOS 7.0 all versions,
    26Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2024-21754Jun 11, 2024 · A use of password hash with insufficient computational effort vulnerability [CWE-916] affecting FortiOS version 7.4.3 and below, 7.2 all ver
    18Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

  • CVE-2024-2311389 days apartA use of externally-controlled format string in Fortinet FortiOS versions 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, 7.0.0 through 7.0.13, FoKEV
    88Now
  • CVE-2023-2918182 days apartA use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.11, FortiOS 6.
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2023-36639153 days apartA use of externally-controlled format string in Fortinet FortiProxy versions 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, 7.0.0 through 7.0.10, FortiOS versions 7.4
    35Monitor
  • CVE-2022-43953336 days apartA use of externally-controlled format string in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, FortiOS all versions 7.0, FortiOS all versions
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2023-366400 days apartA use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.4.0, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.5, FortiOS 7.0 all versions,
    26Monitor

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • Administrator privileges are required.
  • No user action is required.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
high · data can be read
Integrity
high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
High
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
High
Integrity impact
High
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-134 · Use of Externally-Controlled Format String

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records