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CVE-2023-43770: Roundcube before 1.4.14, 1.5.x before 1.5.4, and 1.6.x before 1.6.3 allows XSS via text/plain e-mail messages with crafted links because of

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 73/100)

  • CISA has confirmed exploitation in the wild (Feb 12, 2024). Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Mar 4, 2024.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 63.6% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 99.2% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: roundcube (Debian:10) 1.3.17+dfsg.1-1~deb10u3; roundcube (Debian:12) 1.6.3+dfsg-1~deb12u1; roundcube (Debian:13) 1.6.3+dfsg-1.
  • Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Upgrade to roundcube (Debian:10) 1.3.17+dfsg.1-1~deb10u3; roundcube (Debian:12) 1.6.3+dfsg-1~deb12u1; roundcube (Debian:13) 1.6.3+dfsg-1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · CISA KEV · FIRST EPSS

Roundcube before 1.4.14, 1.5.x before 1.5.4, and 1.6.x before 1.6.3 allows XSS via text/plain e-mail messages with crafted links because of program/lib/Roundcube/rcube_string_replacer.php behavior.

MediumCVSS 6.1 · v3.1KEVWeaponized Fix available
Published
Sep 22, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
63.6% · 99th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

73

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS
24 / 40 · 6.1 / 10
CISA KEV
30 / 30 · Listed
EPSS
19 / 30 · 63.6%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
active
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Actively exploited in the wild

CISA added this to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on Feb 12, 2024. That signals real attacks, not theory.

Remediation deadline for US federal agencies: Mar 4, 2024.

Get told when this record changes

  • In CISA KEV: exploitation in the wild confirmed
  • Weaponized exploit exists
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-43770

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
roundcubewebmail
debiandebian linux

Using webmail? Add it to your stack and be the first to know about CVEs like this one. (Email server)

Watch new CVEs for webmail

When you'll hear from us

  • when a new CVE affecting this product is published
  • when a record in your stack enters KEV or gets exploit code

One daily email digest (06:00 UTC); connect a webhook for KEV listings and weaponized exploits instantly.

Your free account also gets you

Running WordPress? Scan your site free with WP Lens

  • Stack alerts: add the products and versions you run, get the new CVEs that affect them
  • Uptime monitoring: 1 site, instant email when it goes down
  • Add your domain: subdomains and takeover risk scanned every week (1 domain)
  • 10 scans an hour on the security tools (3 a day without an account), an API key and MCP
  • All your scans in one panel: findings, what changed in the last scan, a report per domain or per client (PDF, share link)
All free tools

Sign up with email · Have an account? Sign in

Free account, no card. Unfollow any time.

Don't want an account? Get "Exploited this week" by email every Monday

Limit the impact of XSS

This is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability. A well-configured Content-Security-Policy doesn't fix it, but greatly reduces its impact. Check your site's CSP and other security headers for free.

Check security headers

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • roundcube webmailbefore 1.4.14
  • roundcube webmail1.5.0 and later · before 1.5.4
  • roundcube webmail1.6.0 and later · before 1.6.3

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:10roundcubebefore 1.3.17+dfsg.1-1~deb10u31.3.17+dfsg.1-1~deb10u3
Debian:12roundcubebefore 1.6.3+dfsg-1~deb12u11.6.3+dfsg-1~deb12u1
Debian:13roundcubebefore 1.6.3+dfsg-11.6.3+dfsg-1

Same product

roundcube: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2025-49113Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.10 and 1.6.x before 1.6.11 allows remote code execution by authenticated users because the _from parameter in aKEV
    95Now
  • CVE-2020-12641rcube_image.php in Roundcube Webmail before 1.4.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via shell metacharacters in a configuration setKEV
    94Now
  • CVE-2024-42009A Cross-Site Scripting vulnerability in Roundcube through 1.5.7 and 1.6.x through 1.6.7 allows a remote attacker to steal and send emails ofKEV
    92Now

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-44025Nov 19, 2021 · Roundcube before 1.3.17 and 1.4.x before 1.4.12 is prone to XSS in handling an attachment's filename extension when displaying a MIME type w
    24Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-44026Nov 19, 2021 · Roundcube before 1.3.17 and 1.4.x before 1.4.12 is prone to a potential SQL injection via search or search_params.KEV
    90Now
  • Later →CVE-2023-5631Oct 18, 2023 · Stored XSS vulnerability in RoundcubeKEV
    74This week

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:roundcube1.6.3+dfsg-1~deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Weaponized

A ready exploit tool or active in-the-wild use is known for this vulnerability. This should be your top priority.

Evidence

  • Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×3

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
SourceKindDate
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:352023-09-27
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:32023-09-28
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHubstars:02025-04-20

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

  1. Published
  2. First PoC+5 d
  3. CISA KEV+143 d
  4. TodayNov 4, 2026+1140 d
EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

The product’s vendor appears in a public program. Matched by name; verify the scope text in the program.

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-79 · Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-primary

Root cause

User content is inserted into the page as HTML. The browser interprets the content as code rather than data.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-79 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

ts
commentEl.innerHTML = comment.body;

Fixed

ts
commentEl.textContent = comment.body;

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records