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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Arm

CVE-2023-4039: GCC's-fstack-protector fails to guard dynamically-sized local variables on AArch64

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 19/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 1% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 63.7% of all records.
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
  • Fixed version: Azure Linux 3.0 ARM 13.2.0-7; Azure Linux 3.0 x64 13.2.0-7; CBL Mariner 2.0 ARM 11.2.0-6.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Azure Linux 3.0 ARM 13.2.0-7; Azure Linux 3.0 x64 13.2.0-7; CBL Mariner 2.0 ARM 11.2.0-6 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

**DISPUTED**A failure in the -fstack-protector feature in GCC-based toolchains that target AArch64 allows an attacker to exploit an existing buffer overflow in dynamically-sized local variables in your application without this being detected. This stack-protector failure only applies to C99-style dynamically-sized local variables or those created using alloca(). The stack-protector operates as intended for statically-sized local variables. The default behavior when the stack-protector detects an overflow is to terminate your application, resulting in controlled loss of availability. An attacker who can exploit a buffer overflow without triggering the stack-protector might be able to change program flow control to cause an uncontrolled loss of availability or to go further and affect confidentiality or integrity. NOTE: The GCC project argues that this is a missed hardening bug and not a vulnerability by itself.

MediumCVSS 4.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available
Published
Sep 13, 2023
Updated
Oct 14, 2026
EPSS
1.0% · 63th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

19

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
19 / 40 · 4.8 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 1.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
proof of concept
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
4.8
CNA · Arm
4.8
agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

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When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
gnugcc

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • gnu gccbefore 2023-09-12

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Arm). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Arm Ltd Arm GNU Toolchain

    • All versions where option -fstack-protector is usedaffected

  • GNU GCC

    • All versions of GCC that target AArch64 when option -fstack-protector is usedaffected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Alpine:v3.19gccbefore 13.2.1_git20231014-r013.2.1_git20231014-r0
Debian:12gcc-11from 0—
Debian:12gcc-12before 12.2.0-14+deb12u112.2.0-14+deb12u1
Debian:13gcc-12before 12.3.0-912.3.0-9
Debian:13gcc-13before 13.2.0-413.2.0-4
openSUSE:Leap 15.4cross-nvptx-gcc12before 12.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.112.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.4cross-nvptx-gcc13before 13.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.213.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.2
openSUSE:Leap 15.4cross-nvptx-gcc13before 13.2.1+git7813-150000.1.6.113.2.1+git7813-150000.1.6.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.4gcc12-testresultsbefore 12.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.112.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1
openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3gcc12before 12.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.112.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1
openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3gcc13before 13.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.313.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.3
openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3gcc13before 13.2.1+git7813-150000.1.6.113.2.1+git7813-150000.1.6.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedgcc12before 12.3.0+git1204-2.112.3.0+git1204-2.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedgcc13before 13.2.1+git7813-1.113.2.1+git7813-1.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedgcc7before 7.5.0+r278197-15.17.5.0+r278197-15.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Installer Updates 15 SP1gcc12before 12.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.112.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Installer Updates 15 SP1gcc13before 13.2.1+git7813-150000.1.6.113.2.1+git7813-150000.1.6.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Installer Updates 15 SP2gcc13before 13.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.313.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.3
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP4gcc7before 7.5.0+r278197-150000.4.35.17.5.0+r278197-150000.4.35.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4cross-nvptx-gcc12before 12.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.112.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4cross-nvptx-gcc13before 13.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.213.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.2
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4cross-nvptx-gcc13before 13.2.1+git7813-150000.1.6.113.2.1+git7813-150000.1.6.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4gcc12-testresultsbefore 12.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.112.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1
SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Toolchain 12cross-nvptx-gcc12before 12.3.0+git1204-1.13.112.3.0+git1204-1.13.1

+6

Same product

gnu: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2018-12886stack_protect_prologue in cfgexpand.c and stack_protect_epilogue in function.c in GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.1 through 8 (under certain
    33Monitor
  • CVE-2002-2439Integer overflow in the new[] operator in gcc before 4.8.0 allows attackers to have unspecified impacts.
    31Monitor
  • CVE-2019-15847The POWER9 backend in GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) before version 10 could optimize multiple calls of the __builtin_darn intrinsic into a s
    31Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-46195Jan 14, 2022 · GCC v12.0 was discovered to contain an uncontrolled recursion via the component libiberty/rust-demangle.c.
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2022-27943Mar 26, 2022 · libiberty/rust-demangle.c in GNU GCC 11.2 allows stack consumption in demangle_const, as demonstrated by nm-new.
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2021-3826Sep 1, 2022 · Heap/stack buffer overflow in the dlang_lname function in d-demangle.c in libiberty allows attackers to potentially cause a denial of servic
    26Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
Azure Linux 3.0 ARM13.2.0-7 · gccMicrosoft (MSRC)
Azure Linux 3.0 x6413.2.0-7 · gccMicrosoft (MSRC)
CBL Mariner 2.0 ARM11.2.0-6 · gccMicrosoft (MSRC)
CBL Mariner 2.0 x6411.2.0-6 · gccMicrosoft (MSRC)
alpine:gcc13.2.1_git20231014-r0 · Alpine:v3.19Package registry (OSV)
debian:gcc-1212.2.0-14+deb12u1 · Debian:12Package registry (OSV)
debian:gcc-1313.2.0-4 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-nvptx-gcc1212.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cross-nvptx-gcc1313.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.2 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:gcc1212.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1 · openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:gcc12-testresults12.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:gcc1313.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.3 · openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:gcc77.5.0+r278197-15.1 · openSUSE:TumbleweedPackage registry (OSV)
suse:cross-nvptx-gcc1212.3.0+git1204-1.13.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Toolchain 12Package registry (OSV)
suse:cross-nvptx-gcc1212.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4Package registry (OSV)
suse:cross-nvptx-gcc1313.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.2 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4Package registry (OSV)
suse:cross-nvptx-gcc77.5.0+r278197-13.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Toolchain 12Package registry (OSV)
suse:gcc1212.3.0+git1204-1.13.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Toolchain 12Package registry (OSV)
suse:gcc1212.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Installer Updates 15 SP1Package registry (OSV)
suse:gcc12-testresults12.3.0+git1204-150000.1.16.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP4Package registry (OSV)
suse:gcc1313.2.1+git7813-150000.1.3.3 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Installer Updates 15 SP2Package registry (OSV)
suse:gcc77.5.0+r278197-13.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Module for Toolchain 12Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

EPSS, last 120 days

FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

  • Tom HebbMeta Red Team X and Maria Markstedter from Azeria Labsfinder

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • No user action is required.
  • Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none
Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
High
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-693 · Protection Mechanism Failure

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Change log

  1. Fix✗ → ✓

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

Show all references (1 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records