NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2023-39359: Authenticated SQL injection vulnerability in graphs.php in Cacti

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 36/100)

The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 81.3% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
Fixed version: Cacti cacti 1.2.25.
Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).

Low priority for now. Upgrade to Cacti cacti 1.2.25 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

Cacti is an open source operational monitoring and fault management framework. An authenticated SQL injection vulnerability was discovered which allows authenticated users to perform privilege escalation and remote code execution. The vulnerability resides in the `graphs.php` file. When dealing with the cases of ajax_hosts and ajax_hosts_noany, if the `site_id` parameter is greater than 0, it is directly reflected in the WHERE clause of the SQL statement. This creates an SQL injection vulnerability. This issue has been addressed in version 1.2.25. Users are advised to upgrade. There are no known workarounds for this vulnerability.

HighCVSS 8.8 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Published: Sep 5, 2023
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 2.0% · 81th percentile
CWE: CWE-89

Report tools

JSON

Action score

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS: 35 / 40 · 8.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 1 / 30 · 2.0%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: proof of concept
Automatable: no
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 8.8
CNA · GitHub_M: 8.8; agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
No public exploit code on record
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
cacti	cacti	cpe:2.3:a:cacti:cacti
fedoraproject	fedora	cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

cacti cactibefore 1.2.25
fedoraproject fedora37
fedoraproject fedora38

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

Cacti cacti
- < 1.2.25affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
Debian:11	cacti	before 1.2.16+ds1-2+deb11u2	1.2.16+ds1-2+deb11u2
Debian:12	cacti	before 1.2.24+ds1-1+deb12u1	1.2.24+ds1-1+deb12u1
Debian:13	cacti	before 1.2.25+ds1-1	1.2.25+ds1-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.4	cacti	before 1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1	1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1
openSUSE:Leap 15.4	cacti-spine	before 1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1	1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweed	cacti	before 1.2.25-2.1	1.2.25-2.1
SUSE:Package Hub 12	cacti	before 1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1	1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1
SUSE:Package Hub 12	cacti-spine	before 1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1	1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1

Same product

cacti: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2022-46169Unauthenticated Command InjectionKEV
99Now
CVE-2024-29895Cacti command injection in cmd_realtime.php
70This week
CVE-2023-39361Unauthenticated SQL Injection in graph_view.php in Cacti
66This week

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2022-48538Aug 22, 2023 · In Cacti 1.2.19, there is an authentication bypass in the web login functionality because of improper validation in the PHP code: cacti_ldap
21Monitor
← EarlierCVE-2022-48547Aug 22, 2023 · A reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Cacti 0.8.7g and earlier allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject arbitrary
24Monitor
Later →CVE-2023-39360Sep 5, 2023 · Reflected Cross-site Scripting in graphs_new.php in Cacti
24Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
Cacti cacti	1.2.25 · description	Vendor (CNA)
debian:cacti	1.2.24+ds1-1+deb12u1 · Debian:12	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cacti	1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4	Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:cacti-spine	1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4	Package registry (OSV)
suse:cacti	1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1 · SUSE:Package Hub 12	Package registry (OSV)
suse:cacti-spine	1.2.25-bp155.2.3.1 · SUSE:Package Hub 12	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

—

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

CVE-2023-311320 days apartCacti Privilege Escalation
31Monitor
CVE-2022-4853814 days apartIn Cacti 1.2.19, there is an authentication bypass in the web login functionality because of improper validation in the PHP code: cacti_ldap
21Monitor

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)

Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.

TR-23-0497 · Sep 6, 2023(Cacti Güvenlik Zafiyeti)

All national notices →

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
A low-privileged account is enough.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: Low
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-89 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

The query text is built by concatenating user input. The database cannot tell where the data ends and the command begins.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-89 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = '" + owner + "'"
4);

Fixed

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = $1",
4  [owner]
5);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:45 PM UTC

For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →

References

lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CFH3J2WVBKY4ZJNMARVOWJQK6PSLPHFH/

Show all references (3 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records