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NVD / CVE Program· CNA mitre

CVE-2023-31794: MuPDF v1.21.1 was discovered to contain an infinite recursion in the component pdf_mark_list_push.

MediumCVSS 5.5 · v3.1—No exploit Fix available

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 22/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.25% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • Fixed version: mupdf (Debian:13) 1.22.1+ds1-1; mupdf (openSUSE:Leap 15.5) 1.21.1-bp155.3.3.1; mupdf (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 1.23.4-2.1.

Low priority for now. Upgrade to mupdf (Debian:13) 1.22.1+ds1-1; mupdf (openSUSE:Leap 15.5) 1.21.1-bp155.3.3.1; mupdf (openSUSE:Tumbleweed) 1.23.4-2.1 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

MuPDF v1.21.1 was discovered to contain an infinite recursion in the component pdf_mark_list_push. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted PDF file.

Published
Oct 30, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.2% · 16th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

22

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
22 / 40 · 5.5 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
partial

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • A fix has been released

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-31794

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
artifexmupdf

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • artifex mupdf1.21.1

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

EcosystemPackageAffected rangeFix
Debian:12mupdffrom 0—
Debian:13mupdfbefore 1.22.1+ds1-11.22.1+ds1-1
openSUSE:Leap 15.5mupdfbefore 1.21.1-bp155.3.3.11.21.1-bp155.3.3.1
openSUSE:Tumbleweedmupdfbefore 1.23.4-2.11.23.4-2.1
SUSE:Package Hub 15 SP5mupdfbefore 1.21.1-bp155.3.3.11.21.1-bp155.3.3.1

Same product

artifex: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2019-7321Usage of an uninitialized variable in the function fz_load_jpeg in Artifex MuPDF 1.14 can result in a heap overflow vulnerability that…
    40Plan
  • CVE-2021-3407A flaw was found in mupdf 1.18.0.
    37Monitor
  • CVE-2017-5991An issue was discovered in Artifex MuPDF before 1912de5f08e90af1d9d0a9791f58ba3afdb9d465.
    35Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2020-21896Aug 22, 2023 · A Use After Free vulnerability in svg_dev_text_span_as_paths_defs function in source/fitz/svg-device.c in Artifex Software MuPDF 1.16.0…
    22Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2020-26683Aug 22, 2023 · A memory leak issue discovered in /pdf/pdf-font-add.c in Artifex Software MuPDF 1.17.0 allows attackers to obtain sensitive information.
    22Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-51103Dec 26, 2023 · A floating point exception (divide-by-zero) vulnerability was discovered in Artifex MuPDF 1.23.4 in the function…
    30Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / packageFixed versionSource
debian:mupdf1.22.1+ds1-1 · Debian:13Package registry (OSV)
opensuse:mupdf1.21.1-bp155.3.3.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.5Package registry (OSV)
suse:mupdf1.21.1-bp155.3.3.1 · SUSE:Package Hub 15 SP5Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

Not on record for this CVE: EPSS history · patch commit or PR link · researcher credit · variant or chain candidate · public bounty program.

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Someone with local access to the system can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
none
Integrity
none
Availability
high · the service can be disrupted
Attack vector
Local
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality impact
None
Integrity impact
None
Availability impact
High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-674 · Uncontrolled Recursion

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

ATT&CK techniques

—

References

Show all references (2 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records