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NVD / CVE Program· CNA Zscaler

CVE-2023-28799: A URL parameter during login flow was vulnerable to injection.

Noroxi assessment

Priority: Monitor (action score 24/100)

  • The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
  • Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.44% (FIRST EPSS).
  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. A user must open a link or visit a page. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
  • According to the record, no fixed version is available yet.
  • Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 8.2, NVD 6.1.

Low priority for now. Update when a fix is released; follow the vendor's advisory.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

A URL parameter during login flow was vulnerable to injection. An attacker could insert a malicious domain in this parameter, which would redirect the user after auth and send the authorization token to the redirected domain.

MediumCVSS 6.1 · v3.1—No exploit No fix recorded
Published
Jun 22, 2023
Updated
Jun 17, 2026
EPSS
0.4% · 38th percentile

Report tools

JSON

Action score

24

Monitor

Low priority for now.

CVSS
24 / 40 · 6.1 / 10
CISA KEV
0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS
0 / 30 · 0.4%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation
none
Automatable
no
Technical impact
total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD
6.1
CNA · Zscaler
8.2
2.1 point gap

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

  • Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
  • No public exploit code on record
  • No fixed version yet

If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.

Follow CVE-2023-28799

When you'll hear from us

  • when it enters CISA KEV
  • when exploit code appears or is weaponized
  • when the record is updated (including a fixed version)
  • when EPSS rises 20 points in a week

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

VendorProduct
zscalerclient connector

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

  • zscaler client connectorbefore 1.4
  • zscaler client connectorbefore 1.9.3
  • zscaler client connectorbefore 1.10.1
  • zscaler client connectorbefore 1.10.2
  • zscaler client connectorbefore 3.7
  • zscaler client connectorbefore 3.9

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (Zscaler). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

  • Zscaler Client Connector

    • before 3.9 Mac, 3.7 Win, 1.9.3 iOS, 1.10.2 Android, 1.10.1 Chrome OS, 1.4 Linuxaffected

Same product

zscaler: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

  • CVE-2020-11633The Zscaler Client Connector for Windows prior to 2.1.2.74 had a stack based buffer overflow when connecting to misconfigured TLS servers.
    40Plan
  • CVE-2024-23483Local Privilege Escalation via lack of input validation
    39Monitor
  • CVE-2024-23459Multiple Arbitrary Creates/Overwrites by link following
    39Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

  • ← EarlierCVE-2020-11632Jul 15, 2021 · The Zscaler Client Connector prior to 2.1.2.150 did not quote the search path for services, which allows a local adversary to execute code w
    31Monitor
  • ← EarlierCVE-2020-11634Jul 15, 2021 · The Zscaler Client Connector for Windows prior to 2.1.2.105 had a DLL hijacking vulnerability caused due to the configuration of OpenSSL.
    31Monitor
  • Later →CVE-2023-28800Jun 22, 2023 · Output encoding missing in redrurl parameter
    24Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.

Exploit status

No known public exploit

No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

No dated events beyond publication.

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

No commit or PR link among the references.

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

  • Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
  • No account or password is required.
  • A user must open a link or visit a page.
  • No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality
low · data can be read
Integrity
low · data or configuration can be modified
Availability
none

Impact can extend beyond the vulnerable component (scope changes).

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
Required
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality impact
Low
Integrity impact
Low
Availability impact
None

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-1287 · Improper Validation of Specified Type of Input

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

nvd-primary

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

MITRE has no CAPEC/ATT&CK mapping for this CWE.

Change log

No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.

References

Show all references (5 more)

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records