CVE-2023-28322: An information disclosure vulnerability exists in curl <v8.1.0 when doing HTTP(S) transfers, libcurl might erroneously use the read callback
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 15/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 2.2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 82.5% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
- According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
- Fixed version: curl (AlmaLinux:8) 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5; libcurl (AlmaLinux:8) 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5; libcurl-devel (AlmaLinux:8) 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5.
Low priority for now. Upgrade to curl (AlmaLinux:8) 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5; libcurl (AlmaLinux:8) 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5; libcurl-devel (AlmaLinux:8) 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in curl <v8.1.0 when doing HTTP(S) transfers, libcurl might erroneously use the read callback (`CURLOPT_READFUNCTION`) to ask for data to send, even when the `CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS` option has been set, if the same handle previously wasused to issue a `PUT` request which used that callback. This flaw may surprise the application and cause it to misbehave and either send off the wrong data or use memory after free or similar in the second transfer. The problem exists in the logic for a reused handle when it is (expected to be) changed from a PUT to a POST.
- BDU:2023-02895
- ALSA-2023:4354
- ALSA-2024:1601
- DLA-3692-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:12940-1
- RHSA-2023:4354
- RHSA-2023:4629
- RHSA-2023:5598
- RHSA-2024:0428
- RHSA-2024:0585
- RHSA-2024:1601
- RLSA-2024:1601
- SUSE-SU-2023:2224-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:2224-2
- SUSE-SU-2023:2225-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:2226-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:2227-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:2228-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:2230-1
- Published
- May 26, 2023
- Updated
- Oct 23, 2026
- EPSS
- 2.2% · 82th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-200
Report tools
Action score
15
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 14 / 40 · 3.7 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 1 / 30 · 2.2%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- proof of concept
- Automatable
- yes
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 3.7
- CNA · hackerone
- 5.3
- 1.6 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| haxx | curl | cpe:2.3:a:haxx:curl |
| fedoraproject | fedora | cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora |
| apple | macos | cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos |
| netapp | clustered data ontap | cpe:2.3:a:netapp:clustered_data_ontap |
| netapp | ontap antivirus connector | cpe:2.3:a:netapp:ontap_antivirus_connector |
| netapp | h300s firmware | cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h300s_firmware |
| netapp | h300s | cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h300s |
| netapp | h500s firmware | cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h500s_firmware |
| netapp | h500s | cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h500s |
| netapp | h700s firmware | cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h700s_firmware |
| netapp | h700s | cpe:2.3:h:netapp:h700s |
| netapp | h410s firmware | cpe:2.3:o:netapp:h410s_firmware |
and 1 more
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- apple macos11.0 and later · before 11.7.9
- apple macos12.0 and later · before 12.6.8
- apple macos13.0 and later · before 13.5
- fedoraproject fedora37
- fedoraproject fedora38
- haxx curlbefore 8.1.0
- netapp clustered data ontapall versions
- netapp h300s firmwareall versions
- netapp h410s firmwareall versions
- netapp h500s firmwareall versions
- netapp h700s firmwareall versions
- netapp ontap antivirus connectorall versions
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (hackerone). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
n/a https://github.com/curl/curl
- Fixed in 8.1.0affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | curl | before 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | libcurl | before 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | libcurl-devel | before 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | libcurl-minimal | before 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | curl | before 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | curl-minimal | before 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | libcurl | before 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | libcurl-devel | before 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | libcurl-minimal | before 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 |
| Alpine:v3.15 | curl | before 8.1.0-r0 | 8.1.0-r0 |
| Debian:10 | curl | before 7.64.0-4+deb10u8 | 7.64.0-4+deb10u8 |
| Debian:12 | curl | before 7.88.1-10 | 7.88.1-10 |
| openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3 | curl | before 8.0.1-150400.5.23.1 | 8.0.1-150400.5.23.1 |
| openSUSE:Tumbleweed | curl | before 8.1.0-1.1 | 8.1.0-1.1 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | curl | before 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | curl-debuginfo | before 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | curl-debugsource | before 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | curl-minimal-debuginfo | before 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | libcurl | before 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | libcurl-debuginfo | before 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | libcurl-devel | before 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | libcurl-minimal | before 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:8::baseos | libcurl-minimal-debuginfo | before 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 |
| Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | curl-debuginfo | before 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 |
+88
Same product
haxx: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2021-22901curl 7.75.0 through 7.76.1 suffers from a use-after-free vulnerability resulting in already freed memory being used when a TLS 1.3 session t51Plan
- CVE-2023-38039When curl retrieves an HTTP response, it stores the incoming headers so that
they can be accessed later via the libcurl headers API.47Plan
- CVE-2024-2398HTTP/2 push headers memory-leak45Plan
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2023-28320May 26, 2023 · A denial of service vulnerability exists in curl <v8.1.0 in the way libcurl provides several different backends for resolving host names, se24Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2023-28321May 26, 2023 · An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in curl <v8.1.0 in the way it supports matching of wildcard patterns when listed as 24Monitor
- Later →CVE-2020-19909Aug 22, 2023 · Integer overflow vulnerability in tool_operate.c in curl 7.65.2 via a large value as the retry delay.13Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| almalinux:curl | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:curl-minimal | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:libcurl | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:libcurl-devel | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:libcurl-minimal | 7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:curl | 8.1.0-r0 · Alpine:v3.15 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:curl | 7.88.1-10 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:curl | 8.0.1-150400.5.23.1 · openSUSE:Leap Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:curl | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:curl-debuginfo | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:curl-debugsource | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:curl-minimal | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:curl-minimal-debuginfo | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:jbcs-httpd24-apr | 0:1.7.0-8.el7jbcs · Red Hat:jboss_core_services:1::el7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:jbcs-httpd24-apr-debuginfo | 0:1.7.0-8.el7jbcs · Red Hat:jboss_core_services:1::el7 | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:libcurl | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:libcurl-debuginfo | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:libcurl-devel | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:libcurl-minimal | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::baseos | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:libcurl-minimal-debuginfo | 0:7.76.1-23.el9_2.2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| rocky linux:curl | 0:7.61.1-33.el8_9.5 · Rocky Linux:8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| suse:curl | 8.0.1-150400.5.23.1 · SUSE:Linux Enterprise Micro 5.3 | Package registry (OSV) |
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- Special conditions such as timing or configuration are required.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- low · data can be read
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- none
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- High
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- Low
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- None
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-200 · Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized ActorCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
nvd-primary
Root cause
The extension requests broader permissions than its function needs and sends the data it collects out for purposes beyond its stated function.
The bug in code
The whole CWE-200 classA representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.
Vulnerable
{
"permissions": ["tabs", "<all_urls>"],
"background": { "service_worker": "analytics.js" }
}Fixed
{
"permissions": ["activeTab"],
"host_permissions": ["https://yildiz.example/*"]
}Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- ExcavationCAPEC-116likelihood: High · Medium
- Subverting Environment Variable ValuesCAPEC-13likelihood: High · Very High
- FootprintingCAPEC-169likelihood: High · Very Low
- Exploiting Trust in ClientCAPEC-22likelihood: High · High
- FingerprintingCAPEC-224likelihood: High · Very Low
- ICMP Echo Request PingCAPEC-285likelihood: Medium · Low
- TCP SYN ScanCAPEC-287Low
- Enumerate Mail Exchange (MX) RecordsCAPEC-290Low
ATT&CK techniques
- System Service DiscoveryT1007
- System Network Configuration DiscoveryT1016
- Remote System DiscoveryT1018
- System Owner/User DiscoveryT1033
- Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name or LocationT1036.005
- Network Service ScanningT1046
- System Network Connections DiscoveryT1049
- Process DiscoveryT1057
- Permission Groups DiscoveryT1069
- System Information DiscoveryT1082
- File and Directory DiscoveryT1083
- Account DiscoveryT1087
- Multi-Factor Authentication InterceptionT1111
- Peripheral Device DiscoveryT1120
- System Time DiscoveryT1124
- Access Token Manipulation:Token Impersonation/TheftT1134.001
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (10 more)Show less
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/48
- seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Jul/52
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00015.html
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F4I75RDGX5ULSSCBE5BF3P5I5SFO7ULQ/
- lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2LIWHWKOVH24COGGBCVOWDXXIUPKOMK/
- security.gentoo.org/glsa/202310-12
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230609-0009/
- support.apple.com/kb/HT213843
- support.apple.com/kb/HT213844
- support.apple.com/kb/HT213845
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.