CVE-2023-26053: Gradle usage of long IDs for PGP keys opens potential for collision attacks
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 39/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.99% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 62.6% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- No fixed version is recorded, but the references include a patch (commit or PR) link.
- Severity is disputed: the assigning authority (CNA) scores it 6.6, NVD 9.8.
Low priority for now. See the fix and affected versions sections below.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
Gradle is a build tool with a focus on build automation and support for multi-language development. This is a collision attack on long IDs (64bits) for PGP keys. Users of dependency verification in Gradle are vulnerable if they use long IDs for PGP keys in a `trusted-key` or `pgp` element in their dependency verification metadata file. The fix is to fail dependency verification if anything but a fingerprint is used in a trust element in dependency verification metadata. The problem is fixed in Gradle 8.0 and above. The problem is also patched in Gradle 6.9.4 and 7.6.1. As a workaround, use only full fingerprint IDs for `trusted-key` or `pgp` element in the metadata is a protection against this issue.
- Published
- Mar 2, 2023
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.9% · 62th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-829
Report tools
Action score
39
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.9%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- total
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
CNA vs NVD score
- NVD
- 9.8
- CNA · GitHub_M
- 6.6
- 3.2 point gap
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- No fixed version yet
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| gradle | gradle | cpe:2.3:a:gradle:gradle |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- gradle gradle6.2.0 and later · before 6.9.4
- gradle gradle7.0.0 and later · before 7.6.1
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
gradle gradle
- >= 6.2, < 6.9.4, >= 7.0.0, < 7.6.1affected
Same product
gradle: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2019-15052The HTTP client in Gradle before 5.6 sends authentication credentials originally destined for the configured host.40Plan
- CVE-2016-6199ObjectSocketWrapper.java in Gradle 2.12 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted serialized object.40Plan
- CVE-2025-27148Gradle vulnerable to local privilege escalation through system temporary directory35Monitor
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2022-30586Jun 6, 2022 · Gradle Enterprise through 2022.2.2 has Incorrect Access Control that leads to code execution.28Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2022-31156Jul 14, 2022 · Gradle's dependency verification can ignore checksum verification when signature verification cannot be performed17Monitor
- Later →CVE-2023-35946Jun 30, 2023 · Dependency cache path traversal in Gradle22Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
No fix version is recorded for this entry. Check the references for vendor advisories.
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- high · data can be read
- Integrity
- high · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- High
- Integrity impact
- High
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-829 · Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control SphereCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Code InclusionCAPEC-175likelihood: Medium · Very High
- Serialized Data External LinkingCAPEC-201likelihood: High · High
- DTD InjectionCAPEC-228Medium
- Local Code InclusionCAPEC-251Medium
- PHP Local File InclusionCAPEC-252Medium
- Remote Code InclusionCAPEC-253
- Force Use of Corrupted FilesCAPEC-263Medium
- Open-Source Library ManipulationCAPEC-538likelihood: Low · High
ATT&CK techniques
- Process InjectionT1055
- Browser ExtensionsT1176
- Supply Chain Compromise: Software Dependencies and Development ToolsT1195.001
- Server Software Component: IIS ComponentsT1505.004
- Server Software Component: Terminal Services DLLT1505.005
- Hijack Execution Flow: Dynamic Linker HijackingT1574.006
- Hijack Execution Flow: KernelCallbackTableT1574.013
- Reflective Code LoadingT1620
Change log
No changes recorded on tracked fields yet. Score, KEV, exploit maturity and fix status changes appear here.
References
Show all references (2 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.