NVD / CVE Program· CNA GitHub_M

CVE-2023-25157: Unfiltered SQL Injection Vulnerabilities in Geoserver

Noroxi assessment

Priority: This week (action score 65/100)

A ready-made attack module is public (Nuclei); exploiting it takes no special expertise.
Public proof-of-concept code exists (GitHub); there is no record of exploitation in the wild.
Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 85.2% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 99.7% of all records.
Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. No account or password is required. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
According to CISA the attack is automatable: targets can be found by mass scanning.
Fixed version: org.geoserver.community:gs-jdbcconfig (Maven) 2.22.2, 2.21.4.

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window. Upgrade to org.geoserver.community:gs-jdbcconfig (Maven) 2.22.2, 2.21.4 or later.

Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it

Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS

GeoServer is an open source software server written in Java that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. GeoServer includes support for the OGC Filter expression language and the OGC Common Query Language (CQL) as part of the Web Feature Service (WFS) and Web Map Service (WMS) protocols. CQL is also supported through the Web Coverage Service (WCS) protocol for ImageMosaic coverages. Users are advised to upgrade to either version 2.21.4, or version 2.22.2 to resolve this issue. Users unable to upgrade should disable the PostGIS Datastore *encode functions* setting to mitigate ``strEndsWith``, ``strStartsWith`` and ``PropertyIsLike `` misuse and enable the PostGIS DataStore *preparedStatements* setting to mitigate the ``FeatureId`` misuse.

CriticalCVSS 9.8 · v3.1—Proof of concept Fix available

Published: Feb 21, 2023
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
EPSS: 85.2% · 99th percentile
CWE: CWE-89

Report tools

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Action score

This week

Don’t wait for the next maintenance window.

CVSS: 39 / 40 · 9.8 / 10
CISA KEV: 0 / 30 · Not listed
EPSS: 26 / 30 · 85.2%

CISA SSVC decision

Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical impact: total

Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.

CNA vs NVD score

NVD: 9.8
CNA · GitHub_M: 9.8; agree

The score given by the assigning authority versus NVD’s independent score. A gap means the severity is contested.

Get told when this record changes

Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
Proof of concept exists, no weaponized module
A fix has been released

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Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.

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Affected systems

Is your version affected?

Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.

Vendor	Product	CPE
osgeo	geoserver	cpe:2.3:a:osgeo:geoserver

Affected versions

NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.

osgeo geoserverbefore 2.18.7
osgeo geoserver2.19.0 and later · before 2.19.7
osgeo geoserver2.20.0 and later · before 2.20.7
osgeo geoserver2.21.0 and later · before 2.21.4
osgeo geoserver2.22.0 and later · before 2.22.2

Versions reported by the vendor

Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (GitHub_M). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.

geoserver geoserver
- >= 2.22.0, < 2.22.2, < 2.21.4affected

Package-level exposure

OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.

Ecosystem	Package	Affected range	Fix
Maven	org.geoserver.community:gs-jdbcconfig	from 2.22.0 · before 2.22.2	2.22.2
Maven	org.geoserver.community:gs-jdbcconfig	before 2.21.4	2.21.4

Same product

osgeo: all records

Other highest-scoring records for the same primary product.

CVE-2023-43795WPS Server Side Request Forgery in GeoServer
60This week
CVE-2021-40822GeoServer through 2.18.5 and 2.19.x through 2.19.2 allows SSRF via the option for setting a proxy host.
36Monitor
CVE-2024-29198GeoServer Vulnerable to Unauthenticated SSRF via TestWfsPost
33Monitor

Published before and after this one in the same product

← EarlierCVE-2022-24847Apr 13, 2022 · Improper Input Validation in GeoServer
28Monitor
Later →CVE-2023-41339Oct 25, 2023 · Unsecured WMS dynamic styling sld=<url> parameter affords blind unauthenticated SSRF in GeoServer
21Monitor
Later →CVE-2024-35230Dec 16, 2024 · Welcome and About GeoServer pages communicate version and revision information
21Monitor

Remediation

Which version to upgrade to

Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.

Product / package	Fixed version	Source
Maven:org.geoserver.community:gs-jdbcconfig	2.21.4	Package registry (OSV)
Maven:org.geoserver.community:gs-jdbcconfig	2.22.2	Package registry (OSV)

Exploit status

Proof of concept available

A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.

Evidence

Nuclei detection template ×1
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×10

Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.

Public exploit evidence
Source	Kind	Date
Nuclei detection template	Nuclei template CVE-2023-25157	—
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:166	2023-06-06
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:10	2023-06-10
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:13	2023-06-11
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:3	2023-06-12
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2023-07-31
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:2	2023-11-28
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2025-04-21
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:3	2025-04-24
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2026-07-13
Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub	stars:0	2026-09-10

Research context

For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.

Timeline

From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.

PublishedFeb 21, 2023
First PoCJun 6, 2023+104 d
TodayNov 9, 2026+1357 d

No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).

Patch and commit links

Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.

geoserver/geoservercommit 145a8af

Credits

All researchers

Finders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.

No credits in the CNA record.

Variant candidates

Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.

No nightly-computed relations.

Chain candidates

An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.

—

Bug bounty scope

No known public program.

Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).

Technical details

Attack conditions

Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
No account or password is required.
No user action is required.
No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.

If successful

Confidentiality: high · data can be read
Integrity: high · data or configuration can be modified
Availability: high · the service can be disrupted

Attack vector: Network
Attack complexity: Low
Privileges required: None
User interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality impact: High
Integrity impact: High
Availability impact: High

Weakness class (CWE)

CWE-89 · Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

CVSS vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

nvd-primary

Root cause

The query text is built by concatenating user input. The database cannot tell where the data ends and the command begins.

The bug in code

The whole CWE-89 class

A representative example of this vulnerability class. Not the vendor's source code; it shows the faulty pattern and its fix.

Vulnerable

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = '" + owner + "'"
4);

Fixed

1const owner = req.query.owner;
2const rows = await db.query(
3  "SELECT * FROM files WHERE owner = $1",
4  [owner]
5);

Attack context

MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.

Attack patterns (CAPEC)

ATT&CK techniques

—

Change log

Fix✗ → ✓Sep 28, 2026, 10:46 PM UTC

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References

github.com/geoserver/geoserver/commit/145a8af798590288d270b240235e89c8f0b62e1d

Show all references (1 more)

github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-7g5f-wrx8-5ccf

Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.

All records

Noroxi analysis

What does it mean in your environment?

We use this product, ask for help

Data sources and verification

CNA: GitHub_M

CVE.org (CNA)Mar 10, 2025, 9:07 PM UTC
CISA ADPMar 10, 2025, 9:07 PM UTC
NVDJun 17, 2026, 1:40 AM UTC
FIRST EPSSNov 8, 2026, 12:00 AM UTC
OSV / GHSANov 9, 2026, 3:18 AM UTC
NucleiNov 9, 2026, 3:18 AM UTC
PoC-in-GitHubNov 9, 2026, 3:18 AM UTC

Each line is when that source was last processed for this record.