Apache Commons FileUpload, Apache Tomcat: FileUpload DoS with excessive parts
Apache Commons FileUpload before 1.5 does not limit the number of request parts to be processed resulting in the possibility of an attacker triggering a DoS with a malicious upload or series of uploads. Note that, like all of the file upload limits, the new configuration option (FileUploadBase#setFileCountMax) is not enabled by default and must be explicitly configured.
- BDU:2023-02037
- GHSA-hfrx-6qgj-fp6c
- ALSA-2023:6570
- ALSA-2023:7065
- DLA-3617-1
- DLA-4245-1
- DSA-5522-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:12750-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:12950-1
- RHSA-2023:3299
- RHSA-2023:4909
- RHSA-2023:6570
- RHSA-2023:7065
- RHSA-2024:3814
- SUSE-SU-2023:0695-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:0696-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:0697-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:0730-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:0758-1
- SUSE-SU-2023:1769-1
- Published
- Feb 20, 2023
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 48.8% · 99th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-770
Sign in to follow · You’ll be notified if a followed record enters KEV, gets an exploit or is updated.
Report tools
Action score
45
Plan
Add it to your regular patch cycle.
- CVSS
- 30 / 40 · 7.5 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 15 / 30 · 48.8%
Affected systems
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| apache | commons fileupload | cpe:2.3:a:apache:commons_fileupload |
| debian | debian linux | cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux |
Affected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- apache commons fileupload1.0 and later · before 1.5
- apache commons fileupload1.0
- debian debian linux11.0
- debian debian linux9.0
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (apache). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
Apache Software Foundation Apache Commons FileUpload
- before 1.5affected · semver
Apache Software Foundation Apache Tomcat
- 11.0.0-M1affected
- 10.0.0-M1 and later · up to and including 10.1.4affected · semver
- 9.0.0-M1 and later · up to and including 9.0.70affected · semver
- 8.5.0 and later · up to and including 8.5.84affected · semver
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | tomcat | before 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 | 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | tomcat-admin-webapps | before 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 | 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | tomcat-docs-webapp | before 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 | 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | tomcat-el-3.0-api | before 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 | 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | tomcat-jsp-2.3-api | before 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 | 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | tomcat-lib | before 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 | 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | tomcat-servlet-4.0-api | before 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 | 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | tomcat-webapps | before 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 | 1:9.0.62-27.el8_9 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | tomcat | before 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | tomcat-admin-webapps | before 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | tomcat-docs-webapp | before 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | tomcat-el-3.0-api | before 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | tomcat-jsp-2.3-api | before 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | tomcat-lib | before 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | tomcat-servlet-4.0-api | before 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | tomcat-webapps | before 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 |
| Debian:10 | tomcat9 | before 9.0.31-1~deb10u9 | 9.0.31-1~deb10u9 |
| Debian:11 | libcommons-fileupload-java | before 1.4-1+deb11u1 | 1.4-1+deb11u1 |
| Debian:11 | tomcat9 | before 9.0.43-2~deb11u7 | 9.0.43-2~deb11u7 |
| Debian:12 | libcommons-fileupload-java | before 1.4-2 | 1.4-2 |
| Debian:12 | tomcat10 | before 10.1.5-1 | 10.1.5-1 |
| Debian:12 | tomcat9 | before 9.0.70-2 | 9.0.70-2 |
| Maven | commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload | before 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Maven | org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | from 10.1.0-M1 · before 10.1.5 | 10.1.5 |
+90
Same product
apache: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2014-0050MultipartStream.java in Apache Commons FileUpload before 1.3.1, as used in Apache Tomcat, JBoss Web, and other products, allows remote attac55Plan
- CVE-2016-1000031Apache Commons FileUpload before 1.3.3 DiskFileItem File Manipulation Remote Code Execution49Plan
- CVE-2025-48976Apache Commons FileUpload, Apache Commons FileUpload: FileUpload DoS via part headers40Plan
- CVE-2013-0248The default configuration of javax.servlet.context.tempdir in Apache Commons FileUpload 1.0 through 1.2.2 uses the /tmp directory for upload13Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation Apache Commons FileUpload | 1.5 | Vendor (CNA) |
| AlmaLinux:tomcat | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| AlmaLinux:tomcat-admin-webapps | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| AlmaLinux:tomcat-docs-webapp | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| AlmaLinux:tomcat-el-3.0-api | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| AlmaLinux:tomcat-jsp-2.3-api | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| AlmaLinux:tomcat-lib | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| AlmaLinux:tomcat-servlet-4.0-api | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| AlmaLinux:tomcat-webapps | 1:9.0.62-37.el9_3 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Debian:libcommons-fileupload-java | 1.4-2 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Debian:tomcat10 | 10.1.5-1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Debian:tomcat9 | 9.0.70-2 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload | 1.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | 10.1.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | 11.0.0-M5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | 8.5.88 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina | 9.0.71 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | 10.1.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | 11.0.0-M5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | 8.5.88 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote | 9.0.71 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | 10.1.5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | 11.0.0-M5 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | 8.5.88 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | 9.0.71 | Package registry (OSV) |
| openSUSE:apache-commons-fileupload | 1.5-150200.3.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| openSUSE:jakarta-commons-fileupload | 1.1.1-150000.4.8.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| openSUSE:tomcat | 9.0.43-150200.35.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Red Hat:jenkins | 0:2.387.3.1684911776-3.el8 · Red Hat:ocp_tools:4.13::el8 | Package registry (OSV) |
| Red Hat:jenkins-2-plugins | 0:4.13.1684911916-1.el8 · Red Hat:ocp_tools:4.13::el8 | Package registry (OSV) |
+14
Exploit status
Proof of concept available
A public proof of concept or detection signature exists. Exploit knowledge is out there; don't delay patching.
Evidence
- Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub ×1
Noroxi does not host or link to exploit code. Metasploit module names and Nuclei template ids are shown (names, not code); Exploit-DB entries and PoC repositories are given as counts only.
| Source | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Proof-of-concept repository on GitHub | stars:4 | 2023-03-29 |
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
- Published
- First PoC+36 d
- TodaySep 29, 2026+1317 d
FIRST EPSS daily score; only changes of 0.01 or more are recorded (step chart).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- No account or password is required.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- none
- Integrity
- none
- Availability
- high · the service can be disrupted
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- None
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- None
- Integrity impact
- None
- Availability impact
- High
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-770 · Allocation of Resources Without Limits or ThrottlingCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- FloodingCAPEC-125likelihood: High · Medium
- Excessive AllocationCAPEC-130likelihood: Medium · Medium
- XML Ping of the DeathCAPEC-147likelihood: Low · Medium
- Exponential Data ExpansionCAPEC-197likelihood: High · Medium
- Serialized Data Parameter BlowupCAPEC-229likelihood: High · High
- Serialized Data with Nested PayloadsCAPEC-230likelihood: Medium · High
- Oversized Serialized Data PayloadsCAPEC-231likelihood: Medium · High
- HTTP DoSCAPEC-469Low
ATT&CK techniques
- Network Denial of Service:Direct Network FloodT1498.001
- Network Denial of Service:Reflection AmplificationT1498.002
- Endpoint Denial of ServiceT1499
- Endpoint Denial of Service: OS Exhaustion FloodT1499.001
- Endpoint Denial of Service:Service Exhaustion FloodT1499.002
- Endpoint Denial of Service:Application Exhaustion FloodT1499.003
Noroxi analysis
No Noroxi analysis for this record yet
We don't hand-write analysis for all 385,000+ vulnerabilities; that wouldn't be honest. For notable, high-impact vulnerabilities our team writes the mechanism, detection and remediation steps.
We use this product, ask for helpChange log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
- www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/05/22/1
- lists.apache.org/thread/4xl4l09mhwg4vgsk7dxqogcjrobrrdoy
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00020.html
- security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-37
- www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5522
- lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00008.html
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230302-0013/
- security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20241108-0002/
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.