CVE-2023-2455: Row security policies disregard user ID changes after inlining; PostgreSQL could permit incorrect policies to be applied in certain cases wh
Noroxi assessment
Priority: Monitor (action score 21/100)
- The sources we track (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, Metasploit, Nuclei, GitHub) show no public exploit code or exploitation in the wild.
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.70% (FIRST EPSS); higher than 53.1% of all records.
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it. A low-privileged account is enough. No user action is required. No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
- Fixed version: CBL Mariner 2.0 ARM 14.8-1; CBL Mariner 2.0 x64 14.8-1.
- Mentioned 1 time in Turkish national cyber security advisories (siberguvenlik.gov.tr).
Low priority for now. Upgrade to CBL Mariner 2.0 ARM 14.8-1; CBL Mariner 2.0 x64 14.8-1 or later.
Generated automatically from the record's data: CVSS (NVD and CNA), CISA KEV and SSVC, FIRST EPSS, exploit sources, fixed versions. How we calculate it
Primary sources: NVD · CVE.org · FIRST EPSS
Row security policies disregard user ID changes after inlining; PostgreSQL could permit incorrect policies to be applied in certain cases where role-specific policies are used and a given query is planned under one role and then executed under other roles. This scenario can happen under security definer functions or when a common user and query is planned initially and then re-used across multiple SET ROLEs. Applying an incorrect policy may permit a user to complete otherwise-forbidden reads and modifications. This affects only databases that have used CREATE POLICY to define a row security policy.
- BDU:2023-03024
- ALSA-2023:3714
- ALSA-2023:4327
- ALSA-2023:4527
- ALSA-2023:4535
- ALSA-2023:4539
- ALSA-2023:5269
- DLA-3422-1
- DSA-5401-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:12929-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:12930-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:12931-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:12932-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:12933-1
- openSUSE-SU-2024:14360-1
- openSUSE-SU-2025:15580-1
- RHSA-2023:3714
- RHSA-2023:4313
- RHSA-2023:4327
- RHSA-2023:4527
- Published
- Jun 9, 2023
- Updated
- Jun 17, 2026
- EPSS
- 0.7% · 53th percentile
- CWE
- CWE-20
Report tools
Action score
21
Monitor
Low priority for now.
- CVSS
- 21 / 40 · 5.4 / 10
- CISA KEV
- 0 / 30 · Not listed
- EPSS
- 0 / 30 · 0.7%
CISA SSVC decision
- Exploitation
- none
- Automatable
- no
- Technical impact
- partial
Vulnrichment: CISA's decision-tree inputs.
Get told when this record changes
- Not in KEV: no record of exploitation in the wild
- No public exploit code on record
- A fix has been released
If any of these changes, we'll tell you in the daily email digest.
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Noroxi analysis
What does it mean in your environment?
The assessment above is generated automatically from the record's data; it doesn't know your environment. Our team verifies on your systems whether this vulnerability is actually exploitable and which mitigation is enough.
We use this product, ask for helpAffected systems
Is your version affected?
Pick the product and type the version you run. It's compared with this record's version ranges in your browser; the version isn't sent anywhere.
| Vendor | Product | CPE |
|---|---|---|
| postgresql | postgresql | cpe:2.3:a:postgresql:postgresql |
| redhat | software collections | cpe:2.3:a:redhat:software_collections |
| redhat | enterprise linux | cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux |
| fedoraproject | fedora | cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora |
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Run a port scanAffected versions
NVD version ranges (for catalog products). Add the product to your stack with a version and matching uses these.
- postgresql postgresql11.0 and later · before 11.20
- postgresql postgresql12.0 and later · before 12.15
- postgresql postgresql13.0 and later · before 13.11
- postgresql postgresql14.0 and later · before 14.8
- postgresql postgresql15.0 and later · before 15.3
Versions reported by the vendor
Affected version ranges reported by the assigning authority (redhat). Independent of NVD's CPE analysis and usually ahead of it.
n/a postgresql
- PostgreSQL 15.3, PostgreSQL 14.8, PostgreSQL 13.11, PostgreSQL 12.15, PostgreSQL 11.20affected
Package-level exposure
OSV and GitHub Advisory data: ecosystem, package and range. SBOM matching uses this table.
| Ecosystem | Package | Affected range | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | pg_repack | before 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+3094+eb237fb8 | 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+3094+eb237fb8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pg_repack | before 1.4.8-1.module_el8.8.0+3487+43ec1b9f | 1.4.8-1.module_el8.8.0+3487+43ec1b9f |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pg_repack | before 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94 | 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pg_repack | before 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910 | 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pg_repack | before 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+2758+4f4474df | 1.4.6-3.module_el8.6.0+2758+4f4474df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pgaudit | before 1.4.0-5.module_el8.6.0+2758+4f4474df | 1.4.0-5.module_el8.6.0+2758+4f4474df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pgaudit | before 1.4.0-5.module_el8.6.0+3094+eb237fb8 | 1.4.0-5.module_el8.6.0+3094+eb237fb8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pgaudit | before 1.5.0-1.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94 | 1.5.0-1.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pgaudit | before 1.5.0-1.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910 | 1.5.0-1.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | pgaudit | before 1.7.0-1.module_el8.8.0+3487+43ec1b9f | 1.7.0-1.module_el8.8.0+3487+43ec1b9f |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgres-decoderbufs | before 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910 | 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+3095+ee60d910 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgres-decoderbufs | before 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94 | 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2760+1746ec94 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgres-decoderbufs | before 1.9.7-1.Final.module_el8.8.0+3487+43ec1b9f | 1.9.7-1.Final.module_el8.8.0+3487+43ec1b9f |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgres-decoderbufs | before 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+3094+eb237fb8 | 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+3094+eb237fb8 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgres-decoderbufs | before 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2758+4f4474df | 0.10.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2758+4f4474df |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgresql | before 15.3-1.module_el8.8.0+3610+f1fe5820 | 15.3-1.module_el8.8.0+3610+f1fe5820 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgresql | before 10.23-2.module_el8.8.0+3599+77865fc6 | 10.23-2.module_el8.8.0+3599+77865fc6 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgresql | before 13.11-1.module_el8.8.0+3601+ca64e769 | 13.11-1.module_el8.8.0+3601+ca64e769 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgresql | before 12.15-1.module_el8.8.0+3600+38330172 | 12.15-1.module_el8.8.0+3600+38330172 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgresql-contrib | before 13.11-1.module_el8.8.0+3601+ca64e769 | 13.11-1.module_el8.8.0+3601+ca64e769 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgresql-contrib | before 15.3-1.module_el8.8.0+3610+f1fe5820 | 15.3-1.module_el8.8.0+3610+f1fe5820 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgresql-contrib | before 12.15-1.module_el8.8.0+3600+38330172 | 12.15-1.module_el8.8.0+3600+38330172 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgresql-contrib | before 10.23-2.module_el8.8.0+3599+77865fc6 | 10.23-2.module_el8.8.0+3599+77865fc6 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | postgresql-docs | before 10.23-2.module_el8.8.0+3599+77865fc6 | 10.23-2.module_el8.8.0+3599+77865fc6 |
+96
Same product
postgresql: all recordsOther highest-scoring records for the same primary product.
- CVE-2017-7546PostgreSQL versions before 9.2.22, 9.3.18, 9.4.13, 9.5.8 and 9.6.4 are vulnerable to incorrect authentication flaw allowing remote attackers57Plan
- CVE-2019-9193In PostgreSQL 9.3 through 11.2, the "COPY TO/FROM PROGRAM" function allows superusers and users in the 'pg_execute_server_program' group to 55Plan
- CVE-2020-25695A flaw was found in PostgreSQL versions before 13.1, before 12.5, before 11.10, before 10.15, before 9.6.20 and before 9.5.24.49Plan
Published before and after this one in the same product
- ← EarlierCVE-2022-41862Mar 3, 2023 · In PostgreSQL, a modified, unauthenticated server can send an unterminated string during the establishment of Kerberos transport encryption.14Monitor
- ← EarlierCVE-2023-2454Jun 9, 2023 · schema_element defeats protective search_path changes; It was found that certain database calls in PostgreSQL could permit an authed attacke28Monitor
- Later →CVE-2023-39418Aug 11, 2023 · Postgresql: merge fails to enforce update or select row security policies17Monitor
Remediation
Which version to upgrade to
Fix versions compiled from the vendor, package registries and Microsoft. Verify the vendor's note before upgrading.
| Product / package | Fixed version | Source |
|---|---|---|
| CBL Mariner 2.0 ARM | 14.8-1 · postgresql | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| CBL Mariner 2.0 x64 | 14.8-1 · postgresql | Microsoft (MSRC) |
| almalinux:postgresql | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-contrib | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-docs | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-plperl | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-plpython3 | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-pltcl | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-private-devel | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-private-libs | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-server | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-server-devel | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-static | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| almalinux:postgresql-test | 13.11-1.el9_2 · AlmaLinux:9 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:postgresql | 13.11-r0 · Alpine:v3.13 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:postgresql13 | 13.11-r0 · Alpine:v3.15 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:postgresql14 | 14.8-r0 · Alpine:v3.15 | Package registry (OSV) |
| alpine:postgresql15 | 15.3-r0 · Alpine:v3.17 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:postgresql-11 | 11.20-0+deb10u1 · Debian:10 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:postgresql-13 | 13.11-0+deb11u1 · Debian:11 | Package registry (OSV) |
| debian:postgresql-15 | 15.3-0+deb12u1 · Debian:12 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:postgresql11 | 11.20-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:postgresql12 | 12.15-150200.8.44.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:postgresql13 | 13.11-150200.5.40.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:postgresql14 | 14.8-150200.5.26.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:postgresql15 | 15.3-150200.5.9.1 · openSUSE:Leap 15.4 | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:postgresql16 | 16.4-1.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| opensuse:postgresql17 | 17.6-2.1 · openSUSE:Tumbleweed | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:postgresql | 0:13.11-1.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
| red hat:postgresql-contrib | 0:13.11-1.el9_2 · Red Hat:enterprise_linux:9::appstream | Package registry (OSV) |
+22
Exploit status
No known public exploit
No public exploit has been observed yet. That doesn't mean you're safe, only that the bar is a little higher.
Research context
For pentesters and researchers: attack profile, score disagreement, timeline, patch commits, credits, variant and chain candidates, bug bounty scope. All derived from existing data; no exploit code.
Timeline
From publication to today: proof of concept, Metasploit module, CISA KEV and fix record. Dates are as reported by the sources.
No dated events beyond publication.
No history yet (it accumulates with the daily EPSS job).
Patch and commit links
Commit, PR and diff links among the references. A starting point for patch-diffing and variant hunting; fixes, not exploits.
No commit or PR link among the references.
Credits
All researchersFinders, reporters and analysts named in the CNA record. Click a name for that researcher’s other records.
No credits in the CNA record.
Variant candidates
Same product, same weakness class, within 18 months. If the patch missed the root cause, the sibling bug is here.
No nightly-computed relations.
Chain candidates
An authentication bypass and a privilege-requiring bug in the same product, published close together: combined they may become an unauthenticated path.
—
Bug bounty scope
No known public program.
Source: bounty-targets-data (public HackerOne, Bugcrowd, Intigriti, YesWeHack listings).
National notice (Türkiye Cybersecurity Directorate / USOM)
Official security notices citing this record; remediation advice is on the agency's page.
- TR-23-0270 · May 16, 2023(SUSE Güvenlik Güncellemesi)
Technical details
Attack conditions
- Anyone who can reach it over the internet can trigger it.
- A low-privileged account is enough.
- No user action is required.
- No special conditions are required; it is repeatable.
If successful
- Confidentiality
- low · data can be read
- Integrity
- low · data or configuration can be modified
- Availability
- none
- Attack vector
- Network
- Attack complexity
- Low
- Privileges required
- Low
- User interaction
- None
- Scope
- Unchanged
- Confidentiality impact
- Low
- Integrity impact
- Low
- Availability impact
- None
Weakness class (CWE)
CWE-20 · Improper Input ValidationCVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
nvd-primary
Attack context
MITRE CAPEC attack patterns and ATT&CK techniques for this weakness class (CWE). A starting point for detection rules and threat hunting.
Attack patterns (CAPEC)
- Buffer Overflow via Environment VariablesCAPEC-10likelihood: High · High
- Server Side Include (SSI) InjectionCAPEC-101likelihood: High · High
- Cross Zone ScriptingCAPEC-104likelihood: Medium · High
- Command Line Execution through SQL InjectionCAPEC-108likelihood: Low · Very High
- Object Relational Mapping InjectionCAPEC-109likelihood: Low · High
- SQL Injection through SOAP Parameter TamperingCAPEC-110likelihood: High · Very High
- Double EncodingCAPEC-120likelihood: Low · Medium
- Subverting Environment Variable ValuesCAPEC-13likelihood: High · Very High
ATT&CK techniques
- Obfuscated Files or InformationT1027
- Masquerading: Invalid Code SignatureT1036.001
- Steal Web Session CookieT1539
- Subvert Trust Controls: Code SigningT1553.002
- Impair Defenses:Impair Command History LoggingT1562.003
- Hijack Execution Flow:Dynamic Linker HijackingT1574.006
- Hijack Execution Flow:Path Interception by PATH Environment VariableT1574.007
Change log
- Fix✗ → ✓
For records you follow, these changes also arrive as notifications. →
References
Show all references (2 more)Show less
Vendor advisories and official records. Exploit/PoC links are deliberately left out.